TY - JOUR
T1 - Reducing free residual chlorine using four simple physical methods in drinking water
T2 - effect of different parameters, monitoring microbial regrowth of culturable heterotrophic bacteria, and kinetic and thermodynamic studies
AU - Sheikhi, Razieh
AU - Mahvi, Amir Hossein
AU - Baghani, Abbas Norouzian
AU - Hadi, Mahdi
AU - Sorooshian, Armin
AU - Delikhoon, Mahdieh
AU - Golbaz, Somayeh
AU - Dalvand, Arash
AU - Johar, Fatemeh
AU - Ghalhari, Mohammad Rezvani
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This study was supported by Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - While chlorination is critical for water disinfection, a knowledge gap includes the nature of free residual chlorine (FRC) decay, which was investigated using four physical methods (SSA, SSR with and without a lid, heating, and incubator shaker). Keeping water samples in SSA and SSR methods for 24 h resulted in the FRC decline by 62% and 51%, respectively. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) increased significantly between initial (3.17 ± 2.6–3.82 ± 1.1 CFU/mL) and final samples (6.7 ± 1.5–94.7 ± 4.72 CFU/mL) for both SSA and SSR methods. Thermodynamic behavior (ΔH versus ΔG) of FRC decay of the different methods was characterized.
AB - While chlorination is critical for water disinfection, a knowledge gap includes the nature of free residual chlorine (FRC) decay, which was investigated using four physical methods (SSA, SSR with and without a lid, heating, and incubator shaker). Keeping water samples in SSA and SSR methods for 24 h resulted in the FRC decline by 62% and 51%, respectively. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) increased significantly between initial (3.17 ± 2.6–3.82 ± 1.1 CFU/mL) and final samples (6.7 ± 1.5–94.7 ± 4.72 CFU/mL) for both SSA and SSR methods. Thermodynamic behavior (ΔH versus ΔG) of FRC decay of the different methods was characterized.
KW - Drinking water
KW - HPC
KW - chlorination
KW - free residual chlorine
KW - thermokinetics
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U2 - 10.1080/15569543.2020.1726959
DO - 10.1080/15569543.2020.1726959
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85079767753
VL - 40
SP - 1407
EP - 1420
JO - Journal of Toxicology - Toxin Reviews
JF - Journal of Toxicology - Toxin Reviews
SN - 1556-9543
IS - 4
ER -