Realizable receivers for discriminating coherent and multicopy quantum states near the quantum limit

We derive the quantum limit on the error probability exponent for discriminating any M multimode coherent states of light and show that it is four times that of an ideal heterodyne receiver for the same signal set. We then propose a receiver that achieves the quantum limit using auxiliary coherent-state fields, beam splitters, and single-photon detectors. The performance of the receiver is compared to standard measurements for various imaging and communication tasks. A related receiver for discriminating arbitrary multicopy pure quantum states is shown to achieve the M-ary quantum Chernoff exponent and does so using only local operations and classical communication.