@inproceedings{1175ad2a34024a3793588ad145fec659,
title = "Quantum enhanced LIDAR resolution with multi-spatial-mode phase sensitive amplification",
abstract = "Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an optical measurement suffering from detection inefficiency. Previously, we showed that this increased SNR improves LADAR-imaging spatial resolution when infinite spatial-bandwidth PSA is employed. Here, we evaluate the resolution enhancement for realistic, finite spatial-bandwidth amplification. PSA spatial bandwidth is characterized by numerically calculating the input and output spatial modes and their associated phase-sensitive gains under focused-beam pumping. We then compare the spatial resolution of a baseline homodyne-detection LADAR system with homodyne LADAR systems that have been augmented by pre-detection PSA with infinite or finite spatial bandwidth. The spatial resolution of each system is quantified by its ability to distinguish between the presence of 1 point target versus 2 closely-spaced point targets when minimum error-probability decisions are made from quantum limited measurements. At low (5-10 dB) SNR, we find that a PSA system with a 2.5kWatts pump focused to 25μm × 400μm achieves the same spatial resolution as a baseline system having 5.5 dB higher SNR. This SNR gain is very close to the 6 dB SNR improvement possible with ideal (infinite bandwidth, infinite gain) PSA at our simulated system detection efficiency (0.25). At higher SNRs, we have identified a novel regime in which finite spatial-bandwidth PSA outperforms its infinite spatial-bandwidth counterpart. We show that this performance crossover is due to the focused pump system's input-to-output spatial-mode transformation converting the LADAR measurement statistics from homodyne to heterodyne performance.",
keywords = "LIDAR, Phase-Sensitive Amplification (PSA), homodyne detection, multi-mode PSA",
author = "Santivanez, {Cesar A.} and Saikat Guha and Zachary Dutton and Muthiah Annamalai and Michael Vasilyev and Yen, {Brent J.} and Ranjith Nair and Shapiro, {Jeffrey H.}",
year = "2011",
doi = "10.1117/12.903351",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9780819487735",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
booktitle = "Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IX",
note = "Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IX ; Conference date: 24-08-2011 Through 25-08-2011",
}