TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantitative analysis of perchlorate in extracts of whole fish homogenates by ion chromatography
T2 - Comparison of suppressed conductivity detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
AU - Dodds, Eric D.
AU - Kennish, John M.
AU - Von Hippel, Frank A.
AU - Bernhardt, Richard
AU - Hines, Mark E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments The authors extend many thanks to Scott D. Williams for his assistance in establishing perchlorate extraction and analysis procedures in our laboratory. This work was sponsored by Northrop Grumman Space Technology under contract F04701-00-D-0203 from the US Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Environmental Management Branch. Portions of this study were carried out using facilities and equipment provided in part by the National Science Foundation through the EPSCoR program (NSF EPS-0092040).
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - The perchlorate anion (ClO 4 - ) is an anthropogenic contaminant of increasing concern in water supplies, and has been shown to disrupt thyroid activity. Most perchlorate analyses are currently carried out by ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection (SCD). While this procedure has been demonstrated to provide acceptable performance for analysis of water samples, the determination of perchlorate in high-conductivity aqueous extracts of plant or animal material is not readily accomplished by IC-SCD unless lengthy cleanup protocols are applied. With the addition of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to IC, it was hypothesized that the interference imposed by various ionic species could be significantly reduced without the need for purification; however, the analysis of perchlorate in relatively unpurified extracts of biologically derived homogenates by IC-ESI-MS has not previously been described in the literature. The research presented here represents a comparison of the capabilities of IC-SCD and IC-ESI-MS to detect perchlorate in reagent water and in crude extracts of perchlorate-exposed fish (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). ESI-MS was found to compare favorably to SCD for the detection of perchlorate in deionized water, and to exceed SCD performance in perchlorate analysis of fish-derived extracts.
AB - The perchlorate anion (ClO 4 - ) is an anthropogenic contaminant of increasing concern in water supplies, and has been shown to disrupt thyroid activity. Most perchlorate analyses are currently carried out by ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection (SCD). While this procedure has been demonstrated to provide acceptable performance for analysis of water samples, the determination of perchlorate in high-conductivity aqueous extracts of plant or animal material is not readily accomplished by IC-SCD unless lengthy cleanup protocols are applied. With the addition of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to IC, it was hypothesized that the interference imposed by various ionic species could be significantly reduced without the need for purification; however, the analysis of perchlorate in relatively unpurified extracts of biologically derived homogenates by IC-ESI-MS has not previously been described in the literature. The research presented here represents a comparison of the capabilities of IC-SCD and IC-ESI-MS to detect perchlorate in reagent water and in crude extracts of perchlorate-exposed fish (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). ESI-MS was found to compare favorably to SCD for the detection of perchlorate in deionized water, and to exceed SCD performance in perchlorate analysis of fish-derived extracts.
KW - Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
KW - Ion chromatography
KW - Perchlorate
KW - Suppressed conductivity detection
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U2 - 10.1007/s00216-004-2660-8
DO - 10.1007/s00216-004-2660-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 15221180
AN - SCOPUS:17644380877
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 379
SP - 881
EP - 887
JO - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
IS - 5-6
ER -