TY - JOUR
T1 - Pretreatment for water reuse using fluidized bed crystallization
AU - AzadiAghdam, Mojtaba
AU - Park, Minkyu
AU - Lopez-Prieto, Israel J.
AU - Achilli, Andrea
AU - Snyder, Shane A.
AU - Farrell, James
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors would like to thank the United States National Science Foundation (PFI: AIR-TT: 1640445) for providing the funding for this work. We also acknowledge Mr. Shawn Beitel from University of Arizona for facilitating the use of the instruments, and Agilent Technologies for their continued technical and equipment support to the Snyder Research Lab. Funding sources had no role in the research activities or in the preparation of this manuscript.
Funding Information:
Authors would like to thank the United States National Science Foundation (PFI: AIR-TT: 1640445 ) for providing the funding for this work. We also acknowledge Mr. Shawn Beitel from University of Arizona for facilitating the use of the instruments, and Agilent Technologies for their continued technical and equipment support to the Snyder Research Lab. Funding sources had no role in the research activities or in the preparation of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/6
Y1 - 2020/6
N2 - This research investigated the use of fluidized bed crystallization for removing scale forming species and natural organic matter (NOM) from treated municipal wastewater prior to water reclamation. The effect of pH on Ca2+, Mg2+, silica and NOM removal in a fluidized bed crystallization reactor (FBCR) was determined. NOM removal in the FBCR was compared to that for the conventional treatments, ultrafiltration and ferric chloride coagulation/flocculation. Under optimized conditions, fluidized bed crystallization was able to remove more than 99.9 % of Mg2+, 97 % of Ca2+ and 42 % of silica. The FBCR was also able to remove 25 % of NOM, which was intermediate between NOM removal by ferric chloride (56 %) and ultrafiltration (13 %). Size exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection (SEC−OCD) indicated that the majority of NOM removal occurred via co-precipitation with Mg(OH)2. Excitation emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis was used to investigate the types of NOM removed. The FBCR was able to remove all five NOM components (three humic acids, one fulvic acid and one protein-like substance), including 100 % of the autochthonous fulvic acids. Ferric chloride was also able to remove all five NOM components, but only one third of the autochthonous fulvic acids, while ultrafiltration was able to remove only 11 % of the protein-like NOM.
AB - This research investigated the use of fluidized bed crystallization for removing scale forming species and natural organic matter (NOM) from treated municipal wastewater prior to water reclamation. The effect of pH on Ca2+, Mg2+, silica and NOM removal in a fluidized bed crystallization reactor (FBCR) was determined. NOM removal in the FBCR was compared to that for the conventional treatments, ultrafiltration and ferric chloride coagulation/flocculation. Under optimized conditions, fluidized bed crystallization was able to remove more than 99.9 % of Mg2+, 97 % of Ca2+ and 42 % of silica. The FBCR was also able to remove 25 % of NOM, which was intermediate between NOM removal by ferric chloride (56 %) and ultrafiltration (13 %). Size exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection (SEC−OCD) indicated that the majority of NOM removal occurred via co-precipitation with Mg(OH)2. Excitation emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis was used to investigate the types of NOM removed. The FBCR was able to remove all five NOM components (three humic acids, one fulvic acid and one protein-like substance), including 100 % of the autochthonous fulvic acids. Ferric chloride was also able to remove all five NOM components, but only one third of the autochthonous fulvic acids, while ultrafiltration was able to remove only 11 % of the protein-like NOM.
KW - Excitation emission matrix
KW - Ferric chloride coagulation and flocculation
KW - Fluidized bed crystallization
KW - Parallel factor analysis
KW - Ultrafiltration
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101226
DO - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101226
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85080986747
SN - 2214-7144
VL - 35
JO - Journal of Water Process Engineering
JF - Journal of Water Process Engineering
M1 - 101226
ER -