TY - JOUR
T1 - Precision nutrition for type 2 diabetes in Benin
T2 - leveraging linear goal programming to optimize diets with emphasis on adequacy, affordability, accessibility, and culture
AU - Alaofè, Halimatou
AU - Mahdavimanshadi, Mahdi
AU - Mizéhoun-Adissoda, Carmelle
AU - Okechukwu, Abidemi
AU - Hounkpatin, Waliou Amoussa
AU - Bedrick, Edward John
AU - Gninkoun, Jules
AU - Fan, Neng
AU - Ehiri, John
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2024 Alaofè, Mahdavimanshadi, Mizéhoun-Adissoda, Okechukwu, Hounkpatin, Bedrick, Gninkoun, Fan and Ehiri.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: Nutrition and diet are critical to managing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Low-income households often face challenges maintaining a healthy and balanced diet due to food insecurity, availability, and cost. To address this issue, we used a linear goal programming (LGP) model to develop nutritionally adequate, affordable, accessible, and culturally acceptable diets for persons with T2D in Benin, a French-speaking sub-Saharan country. The goal was to help persons with T2D manage their condition more effectively. Methods: We compiled a robust list of local commonly consumed foods in Benin, and calculated their nutritional value using West African food composition tables and food costs per serving from a market survey. Using mathematical optimization techniques, we designed dietary plans that meet the daily nutrient intake recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent chronic diseases in normal adults. While adhering to dietary constraints of T2D, we developed optimized diet plans with varying energy levels that meet all nutrient requirements while considering availability, acceptability, and budgetary constraints. Results: Fifty-two food items and recipes were evaluated to create six low-cost daily menus. Menu 1 was the most affordable at CFA 1,127 (USD 1.88), providing 1890 kcal of energy, while Menu 6 was the most expensive at CFA 1,227 (USD 2.05), providing 1749 kcal. All the menus met the daily WHO minimum requirements for carbohydrates, fat, cholesterol, and fiber content, while other nutrients such as protein, vitamin C, and iron reached the upper limits of the acceptable value range. Conclusion: Linear goal programming can be an effective tool in helping to obtain optimized adequate, accessible, and culturally acceptable diets at minimal cost by interpreting and translating dietary recommendations into a nutritional model, based on local market prices.
AB - Background: Nutrition and diet are critical to managing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Low-income households often face challenges maintaining a healthy and balanced diet due to food insecurity, availability, and cost. To address this issue, we used a linear goal programming (LGP) model to develop nutritionally adequate, affordable, accessible, and culturally acceptable diets for persons with T2D in Benin, a French-speaking sub-Saharan country. The goal was to help persons with T2D manage their condition more effectively. Methods: We compiled a robust list of local commonly consumed foods in Benin, and calculated their nutritional value using West African food composition tables and food costs per serving from a market survey. Using mathematical optimization techniques, we designed dietary plans that meet the daily nutrient intake recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent chronic diseases in normal adults. While adhering to dietary constraints of T2D, we developed optimized diet plans with varying energy levels that meet all nutrient requirements while considering availability, acceptability, and budgetary constraints. Results: Fifty-two food items and recipes were evaluated to create six low-cost daily menus. Menu 1 was the most affordable at CFA 1,127 (USD 1.88), providing 1890 kcal of energy, while Menu 6 was the most expensive at CFA 1,227 (USD 2.05), providing 1749 kcal. All the menus met the daily WHO minimum requirements for carbohydrates, fat, cholesterol, and fiber content, while other nutrients such as protein, vitamin C, and iron reached the upper limits of the acceptable value range. Conclusion: Linear goal programming can be an effective tool in helping to obtain optimized adequate, accessible, and culturally acceptable diets at minimal cost by interpreting and translating dietary recommendations into a nutritional model, based on local market prices.
KW - Africa
KW - acceptable diet
KW - accessible diet
KW - adequate diet
KW - diet costs
KW - linear goal programming
KW - type 2 diabetes
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U2 - 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400594
DO - 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400594
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85201688546
SN - 2296-861X
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
M1 - 1400594
ER -