TY - JOUR
T1 - Precipitation influence on and response to early and late Arctic sea ice melt onset during melt season
AU - Marcovecchio, Alexa
AU - Behrangi, Ali
AU - Dong, Xiquan
AU - Xi, Baike
AU - Huang, Yiyi
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work was partly supported by the University of Arizona Earth Dynamics Observatory, funded by the Office of Research, Innovation and Impact. Y. Huang was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship program at the University of Arizona (80NSSC18K1339). Partial financial support was also made available through the NASA MEaSUREs (NNH17ZDA001N-MEASURES) and NASA Weather and Atmospheric Dynamics (NNH19ZDA001N-ATDM) grants. The Arctic sea ice melt data utilized in this study is from the NASA Cryosphere Science Portal at https://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/cryo. MERRA-2 data are available from NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=%22MERRA-2%22). ERA-Interim data are available from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-mnth/levtype=sfc/). ERA5 data are available from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/#!/search?text=ERA5). GPCP data are available from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) at the University of Maryland's Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (http://eagle1.umd.edu/GPCP_ICDR/GPCP_Monthly.html).
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work was partly supported by the University of Arizona Earth Dynamics Observatory, funded by the Office of Research, Innovation and Impact. Y. Huang was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship program at the University of Arizona (80NSSC18K1339). Partial financial support was also made available through the NASA MEaSUREs (NNH17ZDA001N‐MEASURES) and NASA Weather and Atmospheric Dynamics (NNH19ZDA001N‐ATDM) grants. The Arctic sea ice melt data utilized in this study is from the NASA Cryosphere Science Portal at https://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/cryo . MERRA‐2 data are available from NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center ( https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=%22MERRA-2%22 ). ERA‐Interim data are available from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ( https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-mnth/levtype=sfc/ ). ERA5 data are available from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store ( https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/#!/search?text=ERA5 ). GPCP data are available from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) at the University of Maryland's Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites ( http://eagle1.umd.edu/GPCP_ICDR/GPCP_Monthly.html ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Royal Meteorological Society.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - The region containing portions of the East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea (73°–84°N, 90°–155°E) is the area of focus (AOF) for this study. The impacts of precipitation, latent heat (LH) and sensible heat (SH) fluxes on sea ice melt onset in the AOF are investigated. Four early melting years (1990, 2012, 2003, and 1991) and four late melting years (1982, 1983, 1984, and 1996) are compared to better identify the different responses to melt onset timing. A consistency check is performed between multiple Arctic precipitation products (including NASA MERRA-2, ECMWF ERA-Interim [ERA-I], and ECMWF ERA5 reanalyses as well as GPCP V2.3 observations) since there is not yet a high-quality ground-truth Arctic precipitation data product. MERRA-2 has the greatest monthly average precipitation, snowfall, evaporation, and net LH flux. ERA-I suggests that liquid precipitation starts earlier in the year than MERRA-2 and ERA5, while GPCP shows different seasonal precipitation variations from the reanalyses. MERRA-2 has the clearest and most amplified seasonal trends for the parameters used in this study, so the daily time series and anomalies of MERRA-2 variables before and after the first major melt event are investigated. ERA5 is used to check these results because ERA-I and ERA5 display similar seasonal trends. According to MERRA-2, during early melt years, surface SH flux loss and precipitation are above average in the days before and after the first major melt event. During late melt years, surface SH flux loss and precipitation are below average in the month leading up to the first major melt event.
AB - The region containing portions of the East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea (73°–84°N, 90°–155°E) is the area of focus (AOF) for this study. The impacts of precipitation, latent heat (LH) and sensible heat (SH) fluxes on sea ice melt onset in the AOF are investigated. Four early melting years (1990, 2012, 2003, and 1991) and four late melting years (1982, 1983, 1984, and 1996) are compared to better identify the different responses to melt onset timing. A consistency check is performed between multiple Arctic precipitation products (including NASA MERRA-2, ECMWF ERA-Interim [ERA-I], and ECMWF ERA5 reanalyses as well as GPCP V2.3 observations) since there is not yet a high-quality ground-truth Arctic precipitation data product. MERRA-2 has the greatest monthly average precipitation, snowfall, evaporation, and net LH flux. ERA-I suggests that liquid precipitation starts earlier in the year than MERRA-2 and ERA5, while GPCP shows different seasonal precipitation variations from the reanalyses. MERRA-2 has the clearest and most amplified seasonal trends for the parameters used in this study, so the daily time series and anomalies of MERRA-2 variables before and after the first major melt event are investigated. ERA5 is used to check these results because ERA-I and ERA5 display similar seasonal trends. According to MERRA-2, during early melt years, surface SH flux loss and precipitation are above average in the days before and after the first major melt event. During late melt years, surface SH flux loss and precipitation are below average in the month leading up to the first major melt event.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108175276&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85108175276&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/joc.7233
DO - 10.1002/joc.7233
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85108175276
VL - 42
SP - 81
EP - 96
JO - International Journal of Climatology
JF - International Journal of Climatology
SN - 0899-8418
IS - 1
ER -