@inproceedings{6e17a958e6294e31b3b078dfbed42b90,
title = "Phase-locked arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers",
abstract = "Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are of increasing interest to the photonics community because of their surface-emitting structure, simple fabrication and packaging, wafer-level testability, and potential for low cost manufacture. Scaling VCSELs to higher power outputs requires increasing the device area, which leads to transverse mode control difficulties if devices become larger than about 5 microns. One approach to increasing the device size while maintaining a well controlled transverse mode profile is formation of coupled or phase-locked 2D arrays of VCSELs that are individually single-transverse mode. Such arrays have unique optical properties, not all of which are desirable. This paper covers some of the basic principles of these devices and reviews recent work on device designs, fabrication and operation. A technique for improving the far- field properties of the arrays is demonstrated and performance limitations are discussed.",
author = "Warren, {Mial E.} and Lear, {Kevin L.} and Gourley, {Paul L.} and Hadley, {G. R.} and Lott, {J. A.} and Vawter, {Gregory A.} and Chalmers, {S. A.} and Brennan, {Thomas M.} and Hammons, {B. E.} and Zolper, {John C.}",
year = "1994",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "0819414409",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "Publ by Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers",
pages = "70--81",
editor = "Nasser Peygambarian and Henry Everitt and Eckardt, {Robert C.} and Lowenthal, {Dennis D.}",
booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
note = "Nonlinear Optics for High-Speed Electronics and Optical Frequency Conversion ; Conference date: 24-01-1994 Through 26-01-1994",
}