Perpendicular transport in 1‐ and 2‐dimensional shock simulations

We consider the foundations of 1‐ and 2‐dimensional shock simulations in which the physical quantities are independent of a coordinate which is not parallel to the magnetic field. We show analytically that in such simulations the ions are effectively tied to the convected magnetic lines of force because of the presence of an ignorable spatial coordinate. This conclusion has important consequences. In particular we conclude that the acceleration of energetic charged particles at quasi‐perpendicular shocks cannot be properly studied in such simulations because the role of perpendicular diffusion cannot be properly evaluated.