TY - JOUR
T1 - Perceived Stress, Physiologic Stress Arousal, and Premenstrual Symptoms
T2 - Group Differences and Intra-Individual Patterns
AU - Woods, Nancy Fugate
AU - Lentz, Martha Jane
AU - Mitchell, Ellen Sullivan
AU - Heitkemper, Margaret
AU - Shaver, Joan
AU - Henker, Richard
PY - 1998/12
Y1 - 1998/12
N2 - The purpose of this study was to examine evidence for perceived stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and autonomic nervous system involvement in premenstrual symptoms. Women with a low severity (LS, n = 40), premenstrual syndrome (PMS, n = 22), and premenstrual magnification symptom patterns (PMM, n = 26) rated perceived stress, turmoil, and fluid retention symptoms for one entire cycle. Daily late afternoon urine samples were assayed for epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Using multivariate analysis of variance analyses, we found significant group and cycle phase and group by phase interaction effects for perceived stress. There were no group or cycle phase differences in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Intraindividual analyses using cross-correlation techniques revealed a positive time lagged relationship between perceived stress and norepinephrine and cortisol levels across all groups. Only women with a PMS pattern demonstrated perceived stress leading epinephrine levels. Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels led symptoms for all groups with one exception: there was no cross-correlation between epinephrine and turmoil for the PMS group. Perceived stress led both types of symptoms, regardless of group, and symptoms also led stress. The results provide evidence for a unique relationship between epinephrine, perceived stress, and symptoms for women with PMS, and for a reciprocal relationship between stress and symptoms for each of the groups.
AB - The purpose of this study was to examine evidence for perceived stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and autonomic nervous system involvement in premenstrual symptoms. Women with a low severity (LS, n = 40), premenstrual syndrome (PMS, n = 22), and premenstrual magnification symptom patterns (PMM, n = 26) rated perceived stress, turmoil, and fluid retention symptoms for one entire cycle. Daily late afternoon urine samples were assayed for epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Using multivariate analysis of variance analyses, we found significant group and cycle phase and group by phase interaction effects for perceived stress. There were no group or cycle phase differences in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Intraindividual analyses using cross-correlation techniques revealed a positive time lagged relationship between perceived stress and norepinephrine and cortisol levels across all groups. Only women with a PMS pattern demonstrated perceived stress leading epinephrine levels. Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels led symptoms for all groups with one exception: there was no cross-correlation between epinephrine and turmoil for the PMS group. Perceived stress led both types of symptoms, regardless of group, and symptoms also led stress. The results provide evidence for a unique relationship between epinephrine, perceived stress, and symptoms for women with PMS, and for a reciprocal relationship between stress and symptoms for each of the groups.
KW - Catecholamines
KW - Cortisol
KW - PMS
KW - Stress
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032325425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032325425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199812)21:6<511::aid-nur5>3.0.co;2-w
DO - 10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199812)21:6<511::aid-nur5>3.0.co;2-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 9839796
AN - SCOPUS:0032325425
SN - 0160-6891
VL - 21
SP - 511
EP - 523
JO - Research in Nursing and Health
JF - Research in Nursing and Health
IS - 6
ER -