TY - JOUR
T1 - Ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater
AU - Snyder, Shane A.
AU - Wert, Eric C.
AU - Rexing, David J.
AU - Zegers, Ronald E.
AU - Drury, Douglas D.
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was funded in part by American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF) project 2758, ‘‘Evaluation of Conventional and Advanced Treatment Processes for the Removal of Endocrine Disruptors and Pharmaceuticals’’ and by AwwaRF project 3085 and WateReuse Association (WRF) project 04-003, ‘‘Toxicological Relevance of Endocrine Disruptors and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water.’’ We acknowledge the expert assistance and support from Kim Linton and Dr. Djanette Khiari at AwwaRF, Josh Dickinson at WRF, and our Project Advisory Committees. The authors also would like to thank members of the Southern Nevada Water Authority’s Water Quality Research & Development Division. In particular, we wish to acknowledge the contributions from Dr. Fernando Rosario-Ortiz, Dr. Hongxia (Dawn) Lei, Brett Vanderford, Janie Holady, Rebecca Trenholm, Linda Parker, Oscar Quiñones, and Spencer Porter. We are grateful for the dedicated and tenacious contributions from our University of Nevada, Las Vegas, research interns Ira Racoma, Elaine Go, and Christy Meza. We thank our colleagues Bill Shepherd and Devin Morgan from the CCWRD for providing expert advise and project support. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Paul Westerhoff from Arizona State University and Dr. Yeomin Yoon of CH2M Hill, Korea, for their instrumental help in the development initial bench scale testing procedures. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Jörg Drewes and Dr. Eric Dickenson from the Colorado School of Mines for providing samples from the full-scale ozone WWTP.
PY - 2006/12/1
Y1 - 2006/12/1
N2 - The oxidative removal of a diverse group of trace organic contaminants from surface water and wastewater was evaluated using ozone (O3) and O3 combined with hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O 2). Target compounds included estrogenic and androgenic steroids, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. Bench- and pilot- scale experiments were conducted with surface water spiked with the target compounds and wastewater effluent containing ambient concentrations of target compounds. Full-scale water treatment plants were sampled before and after ozonation to determine if bench- and pilot-scale results accurately predict full-scale removal. In both drinking water and wastewater experiments, the majority of target compounds were removed by greater than 90% at O3 exposures commonly used for disinfection. Atrazine, iopromide, meprobamate, and tris-chloroethylphosphate (TCEP) were the most recalcitrant compounds to oxidize using O3, with removals generally less than 50%. The addition of H2O2 for advanced oxidation was of little benefit for contaminant removal as compared to O3 alone. O3/H 2O2 provided a marginal increase in the removal of dilantin, diazepam, DEET, iopromide, and meprobamate, while decreasing the removal efficacy of pentoxifylline, caffeine, testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione. In wastewater experiments, O3 and O 3/H2O2 were shown to remove in vitro estrogenicity. Collectively, these data provide evidence that O3 is a highly effective oxidant for removing the majority of trace organic contaminants from water.
AB - The oxidative removal of a diverse group of trace organic contaminants from surface water and wastewater was evaluated using ozone (O3) and O3 combined with hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O 2). Target compounds included estrogenic and androgenic steroids, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. Bench- and pilot- scale experiments were conducted with surface water spiked with the target compounds and wastewater effluent containing ambient concentrations of target compounds. Full-scale water treatment plants were sampled before and after ozonation to determine if bench- and pilot-scale results accurately predict full-scale removal. In both drinking water and wastewater experiments, the majority of target compounds were removed by greater than 90% at O3 exposures commonly used for disinfection. Atrazine, iopromide, meprobamate, and tris-chloroethylphosphate (TCEP) were the most recalcitrant compounds to oxidize using O3, with removals generally less than 50%. The addition of H2O2 for advanced oxidation was of little benefit for contaminant removal as compared to O3 alone. O3/H 2O2 provided a marginal increase in the removal of dilantin, diazepam, DEET, iopromide, and meprobamate, while decreasing the removal efficacy of pentoxifylline, caffeine, testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione. In wastewater experiments, O3 and O 3/H2O2 were shown to remove in vitro estrogenicity. Collectively, these data provide evidence that O3 is a highly effective oxidant for removing the majority of trace organic contaminants from water.
KW - Advanced Oxidation Process
KW - Drinking Water
KW - Endocrine Disruptors
KW - Hydrogen Peroxide
KW - Ozone
KW - Pharmaceuticals
KW - Surface Water
KW - Wastewater
KW - Water Reuse
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33845753799&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/01919510601039726
DO - 10.1080/01919510601039726
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33845753799
SN - 0191-9512
VL - 28
SP - 445
EP - 460
JO - Ozone: Science and Engineering
JF - Ozone: Science and Engineering
IS - 6
ER -