TY - JOUR
T1 - Oxidative stress in insulin-resistant conditions
T2 - Cardiovascular implications
AU - Stump, Craig S.
AU - Clark, Suzanne E.
AU - Sowers, James R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (1R01-HL073101–02), Veterans Affairs Merit System (0018), and the VA VISN 15 Award. Dr C.S. Stump is supported by the Univerisity of Missouri Life Sciences Mission Enhancement.
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus is increased more than 3-fold and is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Historically, diabetes has been considered an inadequate insulin response leading to elevated plasma glucose levels with morbidities attributable to hyperglycemia. However, diabetes represents a complex pathology that often includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, microalbuminuria, platelet disaggregation, abnormal fibrinolysis, and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to the pathology of diabetic CVD, having implications in the development of hypertension, renal disease, and stroke. Hypertension is a common feature of diabetes and is the primary contributor to CVD, which highlights the importance of blood pressure control (<130/80mm Hg). Recent investigations have also implicated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in promoting oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. These pathophysiologic considerations will be important in developing prevention strategies for CVD in diabetes. Further research is needed to identify antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing agents that will improve CVD outcomes in patients with diabetes.
AB - The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus is increased more than 3-fold and is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Historically, diabetes has been considered an inadequate insulin response leading to elevated plasma glucose levels with morbidities attributable to hyperglycemia. However, diabetes represents a complex pathology that often includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, microalbuminuria, platelet disaggregation, abnormal fibrinolysis, and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to the pathology of diabetic CVD, having implications in the development of hypertension, renal disease, and stroke. Hypertension is a common feature of diabetes and is the primary contributor to CVD, which highlights the importance of blood pressure control (<130/80mm Hg). Recent investigations have also implicated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in promoting oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. These pathophysiologic considerations will be important in developing prevention strategies for CVD in diabetes. Further research is needed to identify antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing agents that will improve CVD outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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U2 - 10.2165/00024677-200504060-00003
DO - 10.2165/00024677-200504060-00003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 16318400
AN - SCOPUS:28644451664
SN - 1175-6349
VL - 4
SP - 343
EP - 351
JO - Treatments in Endocrinology
JF - Treatments in Endocrinology
IS - 6
ER -