On the Evolutionary Pathways Resulting in C₄ Photosynthesis and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)

Agriculture & Biology

• aquatic plants 7%
• assimilation (physiology) 19%
• C4 photosynthesis 75%
• carbon 4%
• Crassulacean acid metabolism 75%
• guard cells 8%
• ion transport 7%
• metabolism 8%
• organic acids and salts 13%
• photorespiration 8%
• photosynthesis 5%
• stomata 7%
• water conservation 8%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• aquatic plant 8%
• assimilation 18%
• carbon balance 8%
• cell 4%
• crassulacean acid metabolism 100%
• ion 4%
• metabolism 11%
• organic acid 14%
• photosynthesis 54%
• rate 4%
• stomata 9%
• water conservation 7%