Obesity and the response to intensified diuretic treatment in decompensated heart failure: A DOSE trial substudy

Background: Obesity could attenuate diuretic effectiveness in treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (HF). Methods and Results: The DOSE trial randomized 308 subjects with acute HF to low- versus high-intensification intravenous diuretic therapy. We tested for statistical interactions between obesity and dosing strategy across clinical end points. After 72 hours of treatment, obese subjects (body mass index >30 kg/m²; n = 173) had greater volume loss than nonobese subjects (n = 119) but similar improvements in dyspnea and freedom from congestion. Both groups had greater fluid loss with high-intensification treatment. Obese subjects had a higher incidence of worsening renal function (WRF) at 72 hours with low-intensification treatment, compared with nonobese subjects. In contrast, nonobese and obese subjects had similar incidence of WRF with high-intensification treatment. There were no differences between obese and nonobese subjects in time to discharge and 60-day freedom from death, emergency department visit, or rehospitalization. Conclusions: The incidence of WRF was greater in obese than in nonobese subjects with low-intensification treatment. However, the frequency of WRF was equivalent in obese and nonobese subjects with high-intensification treatment. Additional studies are needed to assess whether obese patients with acute HF benefit from an initial high-intensification treatment strategy.