TY - JOUR
T1 - Neutralizing Antibody Response to Pseudotype Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Differs Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines and by History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
AU - Tyner, Harmony L.
AU - Burgess, Jefferey L.
AU - Grant, Lauren
AU - Gaglani, Manjusha
AU - Kuntz, Jennifer L.
AU - Naleway, Allison L.
AU - Thornburg, Natalie J.
AU - Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.
AU - Yoon, Sarang K.
AU - Herring, Meghan K.
AU - Beitel, Shawn C.
AU - Blanton, Lenee
AU - Nikolich-Zugich, Janko
AU - Thiese, Matthew S.
AU - Pleasants, Jessica Flores
AU - Fowlkes, Ashley L.
AU - Lutrick, Karen
AU - Dunnigan, Kayan
AU - Yoo, Young M.
AU - Rose, Spencer
AU - Groom, Holly
AU - Meece, Jennifer
AU - Wesley, Meredith G.
AU - Schaefer-Solle, Natasha
AU - Louzado-Feliciano, Paola
AU - Edwards, Laura J.
AU - Olsho, Lauren E.W.
AU - Thompson, Mark G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/7/1
Y1 - 2022/7/1
N2 - Background: Data on the development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are limited. Methods: From a prospective cohort of 3975 adult essential and frontline workers tested weekly from August 2020 to March 2021 for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay irrespective of symptoms, 497 participants had sera drawn after infection (170), vaccination (327), and after both infection and vaccination (50 from the infection population). Serum was collected after infection and each vaccine dose. Serum-neutralizing antibody titers against USA-WA1/2020-spike pseudotype virus were determined by the 50% inhibitory dilution. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and corresponding fold increases were calculated using t tests and linear mixed-effects models. Results: Among 170 unvaccinated participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 158 (93%) developed nAbs with a GMT of 1003 (95% confidence interval, 766-1315). Among 139 previously uninfected participants, 138 (99%) developed nAbs after mRNA vaccine dose 2 with a GMT of 3257 (2596-4052). GMT was higher among those receiving mRNA-1273 vaccine (GMT, 4698; 3186-6926) compared with BNT162b2 vaccine (GMT, 2309; 1825-2919). Among 32 participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, GMT was 21655 (14 766-31756) after mRNA vaccine dose 1, without further increase after dose 2. Conclusions: A single dose of mRNA vaccine after SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in the highest observed nAb response. Two doses of mRNA vaccine in previously uninfected participants resulted in higher nAbs to SARS-CoV-2 than after 1 dose of vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. nAb response also differed by mRNA vaccine product.
AB - Background: Data on the development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are limited. Methods: From a prospective cohort of 3975 adult essential and frontline workers tested weekly from August 2020 to March 2021 for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay irrespective of symptoms, 497 participants had sera drawn after infection (170), vaccination (327), and after both infection and vaccination (50 from the infection population). Serum was collected after infection and each vaccine dose. Serum-neutralizing antibody titers against USA-WA1/2020-spike pseudotype virus were determined by the 50% inhibitory dilution. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and corresponding fold increases were calculated using t tests and linear mixed-effects models. Results: Among 170 unvaccinated participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 158 (93%) developed nAbs with a GMT of 1003 (95% confidence interval, 766-1315). Among 139 previously uninfected participants, 138 (99%) developed nAbs after mRNA vaccine dose 2 with a GMT of 3257 (2596-4052). GMT was higher among those receiving mRNA-1273 vaccine (GMT, 4698; 3186-6926) compared with BNT162b2 vaccine (GMT, 2309; 1825-2919). Among 32 participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, GMT was 21655 (14 766-31756) after mRNA vaccine dose 1, without further increase after dose 2. Conclusions: A single dose of mRNA vaccine after SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in the highest observed nAb response. Two doses of mRNA vaccine in previously uninfected participants resulted in higher nAbs to SARS-CoV-2 than after 1 dose of vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. nAb response also differed by mRNA vaccine product.
KW - 19
KW - 2
KW - COVID
KW - CoV
KW - SARS
KW - mRNA vaccine
KW - neutralizing antibodies
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U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciab1038
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciab1038
M3 - Article
C2 - 34928334
AN - SCOPUS:85133921877
SN - 1058-4838
VL - 75
SP - E827-E837
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
IS - 1
ER -