Mutations leading to loss of sporulation ability in Bacillus subtilis are sufficiently frequent to favor genetic canalization

We measured the rate of mutations impairing sporulation ability in Bacillus subtilis as 0.003 in a mutator population, following 6000 generations of strong selection for sporulation that have previously been described. This means that the product of the population size and the functional mutation rate is ∼10⁵, well within the parameter range for which genetic canalization of sporulation ability is expected.