@article{4c5a208a538c4f17ae617b8b15f56e8b,
title = "Molecular subclasses of high-grade glioma predict prognosis, delineate a pattern of disease progression, and resemble stages in neurogenesis",
abstract = "Previously undescribed prognostic subclasses of high-grade astrocytoma are identified and discovered to resemble stages in neurogenesis. One tumor class displaying neuronal lineage markers shows longer survival, while two tumor classes enriched for neural stem cell markers display equally short survival. Poor prognosis subclasses exhibit markers either of proliferation or of angiogenesis and mesenchyme. Upon recurrence, tumors frequently shift toward the mesenchymal subclass. Chromosomal locations of genes distinguishing tumor subclass parallel DNA copy number differences between subclasses. Functional relevance of tumor subtype molecular signatures is suggested by the ability of cell line signatures to predict neurosphere growth. A robust two-gene prognostic model utilizing PTEN and DLL3 expression suggests that Akt and Notch signaling are hallmarks of poor prognosis versus better prognosis gliomas, respectively.",
author = "Phillips, {Heidi S.} and Samir Kharbanda and Ruihuan Chen and Forrest, {William F.} and Soriano, {Robert H.} and Wu, {Thomas D.} and Anjan Misra and Nigro, {Janice M.} and Howard Colman and Liliana Soroceanu and Williams, {P. Mickey} and Zora Modrusan and Feuerstein, {Burt G.} and Ken Aldape",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Keith Black and Julia Ljubimova of Cedars-Sinai Hospital for providing glioma specimens, Wallace Tourtelotte of the National Neurological Research Bank for autopsy specimens of brain, and David Eberhard for confirmation of histopathology of some specimens. Alicia Ledoux, Helen Yang, and Paula Colman assisted with tissue processing for microarray and immunohistochemical studies as well as imaging of histology. GBM cell lines were a generous gift from Manfred Westphal of the University of Hamburg. We extend thanks to Tom Januario, Zemin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Cynthia Honchell, Mike Ward, Alex Abbas, and Jim Fitzgerald for assistance with bioinformatics databases and analysis tools; to AyLy Ling-Tucker for advice on TaqMan-PCR; to Eric Stoelting and Allison Bruce for graphics; and to Susan Palmieri for assistance with photomicroscopy. H.S.P., S.K., R.C., W.F.F., R.H.S., T.D.W., L.S., and Z.M. are full-time employees of Genentech, Inc. K.A. was supported by an institutional research grant from MDACC. ",
year = "2006",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.ccr.2006.02.019",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
pages = "157--173",
journal = "Cancer Cell",
issn = "1535-6108",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "3",
}