TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular and physical technologies for monitoring fluid and electrolyte imbalance
T2 - A focus on cancer population
AU - Bennet, Devasier
AU - Khorsandian, Yasaman
AU - Pelusi, Jody
AU - Mirabella, Amy
AU - Pirrotte, Patrick
AU - Zenhausern, Frederic
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are thankful to the staff members at Honor Health Research Institute, in particular Dr. Daniel von Hoff, Dr. Kevin Gosselin, and Dr. Susan Haag for valuable discussions. This work was also supported by an intramural partnership between the University of Arizona's Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine and the Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry at TGen.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Several clinical examinations have shown the essential impact of monitoring (de)hydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance) in cancer patients. There are multiple risk factors associated with (de)hydration, including aging, excessive or lack of fluid consumption in sports, alcohol consumption, hot weather, diabetes insipidus, vomiting, diarrhea, cancer, radiation, chemotherapy, and use of diuretics. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance mainly involves alterations in the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in extracellular fluids. Hyponatremia is a common condition among individuals with cancer (62% of cases), along with hypokalemia (40%), hypophosphatemia (32%), hypomagnesemia (17%), hypocalcemia (12%), and hypernatremia (1-5%). Lack of hydration and monitoring of hydration status can lead to severe complications, such as nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, seizures, cell swelling or shrinking, kidney failure, shock, coma, and even death. This article aims to review the current (de)hydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance) monitoring technologies focusing on cancer. First, we discuss the physiological and pathophysiological implications of fluid and electrolyte imbalance in cancer patients. Second, we explore the different molecular and physical monitoring methods used to measure fluid and electrolyte imbalance and the measurement challenges in diverse populations. Hydration status is assessed in various indices; plasma, sweat, tear, saliva, urine, body mass, interstitial fluid, and skin-integration techniques have been extensively investigated. No unified (de)hydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance) monitoring technology exists for different populations (including sports, elderly, children, and cancer). Establishing novel methods and technologies to facilitate and unify measurements of hydration status represents an excellent opportunity to develop impactful new approaches for patient care.
AB - Several clinical examinations have shown the essential impact of monitoring (de)hydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance) in cancer patients. There are multiple risk factors associated with (de)hydration, including aging, excessive or lack of fluid consumption in sports, alcohol consumption, hot weather, diabetes insipidus, vomiting, diarrhea, cancer, radiation, chemotherapy, and use of diuretics. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance mainly involves alterations in the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in extracellular fluids. Hyponatremia is a common condition among individuals with cancer (62% of cases), along with hypokalemia (40%), hypophosphatemia (32%), hypomagnesemia (17%), hypocalcemia (12%), and hypernatremia (1-5%). Lack of hydration and monitoring of hydration status can lead to severe complications, such as nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, seizures, cell swelling or shrinking, kidney failure, shock, coma, and even death. This article aims to review the current (de)hydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance) monitoring technologies focusing on cancer. First, we discuss the physiological and pathophysiological implications of fluid and electrolyte imbalance in cancer patients. Second, we explore the different molecular and physical monitoring methods used to measure fluid and electrolyte imbalance and the measurement challenges in diverse populations. Hydration status is assessed in various indices; plasma, sweat, tear, saliva, urine, body mass, interstitial fluid, and skin-integration techniques have been extensively investigated. No unified (de)hydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance) monitoring technology exists for different populations (including sports, elderly, children, and cancer). Establishing novel methods and technologies to facilitate and unify measurements of hydration status represents an excellent opportunity to develop impactful new approaches for patient care.
KW - biomarkers
KW - biomedical sensors
KW - electrolyte imbalance
KW - health performance
KW - hyperkalemia
KW - hypocalcemia
KW - hyponatremia
KW - proteomics and metabolomics
KW - wearables
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111106729&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85111106729&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ctm2.461
DO - 10.1002/ctm2.461
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34185420
AN - SCOPUS:85111106729
VL - 11
JO - Clinical and Translational Medicine
JF - Clinical and Translational Medicine
SN - 2001-1326
IS - 6
M1 - e461
ER -