Misogyny and transformations

Contemporary politics is marked by both misogyny and transformations. This article offers one way to understand the relationship between these two phenomena, namely, as a double bind. Such an understanding recognises how transformations and misogyny can be mutually constituted and implicated in ways that have not been adequately acknowledged. Some women benefit from misogyny and some women are harmed by transformations. The author identifies four tactics that constrain women in politics and thereby construct double binds. I call these constraints the four faces of misogyny.