TY - JOUR
T1 - Mimicry in viceroy butterflies is dependent on abundance of the model queen butterfly
AU - Prudic, Kathleen L.
AU - Timmermann, Barbara N.
AU - Papaj, Daniel R.
AU - Ritland, David B.
AU - Oliver, Jeffrey C.
N1 - Funding Information:
Anikó Sólyom and Smriti Khera assisted with the LC–MS and GC–MS data collection while Theodora Gibbs and Ernest Clark helped with predator bioassays. This research was funded by an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant and University of Arizona Bio5 funding to K.P. We would like to honor the memory of Lincoln Brower who followed butterflies around the world to learn more about mimicry and migration.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Mimics should not exist without their models, yet often they do. In the system involving queen and viceroy butterflies, the viceroy is both mimic and co-model depending on the local abundance of the model, the queen. Here, we integrate population surveys, chemical analyses, and predator behavior assays to demonstrate how mimics may persist in locations with low-model abundance. As the queen becomes less locally abundant, the viceroy becomes more chemically defended and unpalatable to predators. However, the observed changes in viceroy chemical defense and palatability are not attributable to differing host plant chemical defense profiles. Our results suggest that mimetic viceroy populations are maintained at localities of low-model abundance through an increase in their toxicity. Sharing the burden of predator education in some places but not others may also lower the fitness cost of warning signals thereby supporting the origin and maintenance of aposematism.
AB - Mimics should not exist without their models, yet often they do. In the system involving queen and viceroy butterflies, the viceroy is both mimic and co-model depending on the local abundance of the model, the queen. Here, we integrate population surveys, chemical analyses, and predator behavior assays to demonstrate how mimics may persist in locations with low-model abundance. As the queen becomes less locally abundant, the viceroy becomes more chemically defended and unpalatable to predators. However, the observed changes in viceroy chemical defense and palatability are not attributable to differing host plant chemical defense profiles. Our results suggest that mimetic viceroy populations are maintained at localities of low-model abundance through an increase in their toxicity. Sharing the burden of predator education in some places but not others may also lower the fitness cost of warning signals thereby supporting the origin and maintenance of aposematism.
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U2 - 10.1038/s42003-019-0303-z
DO - 10.1038/s42003-019-0303-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 30793046
AN - SCOPUS:85071176278
SN - 2399-3642
VL - 2
JO - Communications Biology
JF - Communications Biology
IS - 1
M1 - 68
ER -