TY - JOUR
T1 - Making the pap smear into the 'right tool' for the job
T2 - Cervical cancer screening in the USA, circa 1940-95
AU - Casper, Monica J.
AU - Clarke, Adele E.
PY - 1998/4
Y1 - 1998/4
N2 - Despite being a rather recalcitrant tool, the 'Pap smear' is today the major cancer screening technology in the world. This paper examines how and why heterogeneous actors chose to advocate the Pap smear as a screen for cervical cancer in the late 1940s, and to tinker both in and far beyond the diagnostic laboratory for over 50 years to make the Pap smear 'fit' as a screening and clinical technology. Tinkerings included gendering the division of labour, attempting to automate reading of smears, juggling costs, exploring alternative screening technologies, pushing for regulation of laboratories, and settling for locally-negotiated orders of clinical accuracy instead of global standardization, still elusive today.
AB - Despite being a rather recalcitrant tool, the 'Pap smear' is today the major cancer screening technology in the world. This paper examines how and why heterogeneous actors chose to advocate the Pap smear as a screen for cervical cancer in the late 1940s, and to tinker both in and far beyond the diagnostic laboratory for over 50 years to make the Pap smear 'fit' as a screening and clinical technology. Tinkerings included gendering the division of labour, attempting to automate reading of smears, juggling costs, exploring alternative screening technologies, pushing for regulation of laboratories, and settling for locally-negotiated orders of clinical accuracy instead of global standardization, still elusive today.
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U2 - 10.1177/030631298028002003
DO - 10.1177/030631298028002003
M3 - Article
C2 - 11620085
AN - SCOPUS:0032038237
SN - 0306-3127
VL - 28
SP - 255
EP - 290
JO - Social Studies of Science
JF - Social Studies of Science
IS - 2
ER -