Lunar exploration neutron detector for the NASA lunar reconnaissance orbiter

I. G. Mitrofanov; A. Bartels; Y. I. Bobrovnitsky; W. Boynton; G. Chin; H. Enos; L. Evans; S. Floyd; J. Garvin; D. V. Golovin; A. S. Grebennikov; K. Harshman; L. L. Kazakov; J. Keller; A. A. Konovalov; A. S. Kozyrev; A. R. Krylov; M. L. Litvak; A. V. Malakhov; T. McClanahan; G. M. Milikh; M. I. Mokrousov; S. Ponomareva; R. Z. Sagdeev; A. B. Sanin; V. V. Shevchenko; V. N. Shvetsov; R. Starr; G. N. Timoshenko; T. M. Tomilina; V. I. Tretyakov; J. Trombka; V. S. Troshin; V. N. Uvarov; A. B. Varennikov; A. A. Vostrukhin

doi:10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4

Lunar exploration neutron detector for the NASA lunar reconnaissance orbiter

I. G. Mitrofanov, A. Bartels, Y. I. Bobrovnitsky, W. Boynton, G. Chin, H. Enos, L. Evans, S. Floyd, J. Garvin, D. V. Golovin, A. S. Grebennikov, K. Harshman, L. L. Kazakov, J. Keller, A. A. Konovalov, A. S. Kozyrev, A. R. Krylov, M. L. Litvak, A. V. Malakhov, T. McClanahanG. M. Milikh, M. I. Mokrousov, S. Ponomareva, R. Z. Sagdeev, A. B. Sanin, V. V. Shevchenko, V. N. Shvetsov, R. Starr, G. N. Timoshenko, T. M. Tomilina, V. I. Tretyakov, J. Trombka, V. S. Troshin, V. N. Uvarov, A. B. Varennikov, A. A. Vostrukhin

Lunar and Planetary Lab

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

93 Scopus citations

Abstract

The design of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment is presented, which was optimized to address several of the primary measurement requirements of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): high spatial resolution hydrogen mapping of the Moon's upper-most surface, identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface water ice in the Moon's polar cold traps, and characterization of the human-relevant space radiation environment in lunar orbit. A comprehensive program of LEND instrument physical calibrations is discussed and the baseline scenario of LEND observations from the primary LRO lunar orbit is presented. LEND data products will be useful for determining the next stages of the emerging global lunar exploration program, and they will facilitate the study of the physics of hydrogen implantation and diffusion in the regolith, test the presence of water ice deposits in lunar cold polar traps, and investigate the role of neutrons within the radiation environment of the shallow lunar surface.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	183-207
Number of pages	25
Journal	Space Science Reviews
Volume	150
Issue number	1-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4
State	Published - Jan 2010

Keywords

Moon
Neutrons emission
Radiationbackground
Surface composition

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4

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Mitrofanov, I. G., Bartels, A., Bobrovnitsky, Y. I., Boynton, W., Chin, G., Enos, H., Evans, L., Floyd, S., Garvin, J., Golovin, D. V., Grebennikov, A. S., Harshman, K., Kazakov, L. L., Keller, J., Konovalov, A. A., Kozyrev, A. S., Krylov, A. R., Litvak, M. L., Malakhov, A. V., ... Vostrukhin, A. A. (2010). Lunar exploration neutron detector for the NASA lunar reconnaissance orbiter. Space Science Reviews, 150(1-4), 183-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4

Mitrofanov, IG, Bartels, A, Bobrovnitsky, YI, Boynton, W, Chin, G, Enos, H, Evans, L, Floyd, S, Garvin, J, Golovin, DV, Grebennikov, AS, Harshman, K, Kazakov, LL, Keller, J, Konovalov, AA, Kozyrev, AS, Krylov, AR, Litvak, ML, Malakhov, AV, McClanahan, T, Milikh, GM, Mokrousov, MI, Ponomareva, S, Sagdeev, RZ, Sanin, AB, Shevchenko, VV, Shvetsov, VN, Starr, R, Timoshenko, GN, Tomilina, TM, Tretyakov, VI, Trombka, J, Troshin, VS, Uvarov, VN, Varennikov, AB & Vostrukhin, AA 2010, 'Lunar exploration neutron detector for the NASA lunar reconnaissance orbiter', Space Science Reviews, vol. 150, no. 1-4, pp. 183-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4

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title = "Lunar exploration neutron detector for the NASA lunar reconnaissance orbiter",

abstract = "The design of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment is presented, which was optimized to address several of the primary measurement requirements of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): high spatial resolution hydrogen mapping of the Moon's upper-most surface, identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface water ice in the Moon's polar cold traps, and characterization of the human-relevant space radiation environment in lunar orbit. A comprehensive program of LEND instrument physical calibrations is discussed and the baseline scenario of LEND observations from the primary LRO lunar orbit is presented. LEND data products will be useful for determining the next stages of the emerging global lunar exploration program, and they will facilitate the study of the physics of hydrogen implantation and diffusion in the regolith, test the presence of water ice deposits in lunar cold polar traps, and investigate the role of neutrons within the radiation environment of the shallow lunar surface.",

keywords = "Moon, Neutrons emission, Radiationbackground, Surface composition",

author = "Mitrofanov, {I. G.} and A. Bartels and Bobrovnitsky, {Y. I.} and W. Boynton and G. Chin and H. Enos and L. Evans and S. Floyd and J. Garvin and Golovin, {D. V.} and Grebennikov, {A. S.} and K. Harshman and Kazakov, {L. L.} and J. Keller and Konovalov, {A. A.} and Kozyrev, {A. S.} and Krylov, {A. R.} and Litvak, {M. L.} and Malakhov, {A. V.} and T. McClanahan and Milikh, {G. M.} and Mokrousov, {M. I.} and S. Ponomareva and Sagdeev, {R. Z.} and Sanin, {A. B.} and Shevchenko, {V. V.} and Shvetsov, {V. N.} and R. Starr and Timoshenko, {G. N.} and Tomilina, {T. M.} and Tretyakov, {V. I.} and J. Trombka and Troshin, {V. S.} and Uvarov, {V. N.} and Varennikov, {A. B.} and Vostrukhin, {A. A.}",

year = "2010",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "150",

pages = "183--207",

journal = "Space Science Reviews",

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T1 - Lunar exploration neutron detector for the NASA lunar reconnaissance orbiter

AU - Mitrofanov, I. G.

AU - Bartels, A.

AU - Bobrovnitsky, Y. I.

AU - Boynton, W.

AU - Chin, G.

AU - Enos, H.

AU - Evans, L.

AU - Floyd, S.

AU - Garvin, J.

AU - Golovin, D. V.

AU - Grebennikov, A. S.

AU - Harshman, K.

AU - Kazakov, L. L.

AU - Keller, J.

AU - Konovalov, A. A.

AU - Kozyrev, A. S.

AU - Krylov, A. R.

AU - Litvak, M. L.

AU - Malakhov, A. V.

AU - McClanahan, T.

AU - Milikh, G. M.

AU - Mokrousov, M. I.

AU - Ponomareva, S.

AU - Sagdeev, R. Z.

AU - Sanin, A. B.

AU - Shevchenko, V. V.

AU - Shvetsov, V. N.

AU - Starr, R.

AU - Timoshenko, G. N.

AU - Tomilina, T. M.

AU - Tretyakov, V. I.

AU - Trombka, J.

AU - Troshin, V. S.

AU - Uvarov, V. N.

AU - Varennikov, A. B.

AU - Vostrukhin, A. A.

PY - 2010/1

Y1 - 2010/1

N2 - The design of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment is presented, which was optimized to address several of the primary measurement requirements of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): high spatial resolution hydrogen mapping of the Moon's upper-most surface, identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface water ice in the Moon's polar cold traps, and characterization of the human-relevant space radiation environment in lunar orbit. A comprehensive program of LEND instrument physical calibrations is discussed and the baseline scenario of LEND observations from the primary LRO lunar orbit is presented. LEND data products will be useful for determining the next stages of the emerging global lunar exploration program, and they will facilitate the study of the physics of hydrogen implantation and diffusion in the regolith, test the presence of water ice deposits in lunar cold polar traps, and investigate the role of neutrons within the radiation environment of the shallow lunar surface.

AB - The design of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment is presented, which was optimized to address several of the primary measurement requirements of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): high spatial resolution hydrogen mapping of the Moon's upper-most surface, identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface water ice in the Moon's polar cold traps, and characterization of the human-relevant space radiation environment in lunar orbit. A comprehensive program of LEND instrument physical calibrations is discussed and the baseline scenario of LEND observations from the primary LRO lunar orbit is presented. LEND data products will be useful for determining the next stages of the emerging global lunar exploration program, and they will facilitate the study of the physics of hydrogen implantation and diffusion in the regolith, test the presence of water ice deposits in lunar cold polar traps, and investigate the role of neutrons within the radiation environment of the shallow lunar surface.

KW - Moon

KW - Neutrons emission

KW - Radiationbackground

KW - Surface composition

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77950189669&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4

DO - 10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:77950189669

SN - 0038-6308

VL - 150

SP - 183

EP - 207

JO - Space Science Reviews

JF - Space Science Reviews

IS - 1-4

ER -

Lunar exploration neutron detector for the NASA lunar reconnaissance orbiter

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