Livestock production and grazing management in the encinal oak woodlands of Arizona

The mixture of warm and cool season grasses, and some browse species provide a favorable forage resource for livestock production. Grazing systems, breeding in late summer-fall, and supplementation of phosphorus, protein, and energy can improve livestock production. Because nearly 80% of the grazing in the woodland occurs on federal land, grazing management must accommodate conflicting uses such as wildlife, rare species, oak recruitment, and recreation. -from Authors