TY - GEN
T1 - LIPs
T2 - 43rd IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2019
AU - Ledbetter, Brian
AU - Wehunt, Samuel
AU - Rahman, Mohammad Ashiqur
AU - Manshaei, Mohammad Hossein
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 IEEE.
PY - 2019/7
Y1 - 2019/7
N2 - With the ever-increasing problems of higher fuel costs and greater traffic congestion, shipping and long-distance travel via interstates and highways continues to become more expensive in terms of time and money. With the advent of semi-and fully-autonomous vehicles, platooning is designed to decrease the amount of fuel used and decrease the space between vehicles to help lower costs and reduce congestion. While much work has been done regarding predetermined platoons with homogeneous vehicles, less work has been done dealing with dynamic and heterogeneous platoons. Dynamic platooning with heterogeneous vehicles open a new horizon of problems with the introduction of several extra variables including dynamic platoon creation and management, untrusted users, differences in vehicle mechanics, and differences in fuel savings. One major problem facing dynamic, heterogeneous platooning is the leadership forfeiture abuse. Because there are currently no incentives for vehicles to lead in these platoons and the savings are much better when being a follower, it is more advantageous for a leader to forfeit their position and step down to become a follower and gain more benefits. In this paper, therefore, we propose a protocol, named as Leadership Incentives for Platoons (LIPs), which is suitable for dynamic platooning with heterogeneous vehicles. While the protocol provides a payment system that incentivizes individuals to lead, it is designed and implemented using the blockchain technology to offer a distributed secure environment for untrusted vehicles to interact. We demonstrate the application of the proposed protocol on a synthetic case study and evaluate the protocol by analyzing the time required for platooning operations/transactions as well as performing a usability test on a potential user group.
AB - With the ever-increasing problems of higher fuel costs and greater traffic congestion, shipping and long-distance travel via interstates and highways continues to become more expensive in terms of time and money. With the advent of semi-and fully-autonomous vehicles, platooning is designed to decrease the amount of fuel used and decrease the space between vehicles to help lower costs and reduce congestion. While much work has been done regarding predetermined platoons with homogeneous vehicles, less work has been done dealing with dynamic and heterogeneous platoons. Dynamic platooning with heterogeneous vehicles open a new horizon of problems with the introduction of several extra variables including dynamic platoon creation and management, untrusted users, differences in vehicle mechanics, and differences in fuel savings. One major problem facing dynamic, heterogeneous platooning is the leadership forfeiture abuse. Because there are currently no incentives for vehicles to lead in these platoons and the savings are much better when being a follower, it is more advantageous for a leader to forfeit their position and step down to become a follower and gain more benefits. In this paper, therefore, we propose a protocol, named as Leadership Incentives for Platoons (LIPs), which is suitable for dynamic platooning with heterogeneous vehicles. While the protocol provides a payment system that incentivizes individuals to lead, it is designed and implemented using the blockchain technology to offer a distributed secure environment for untrusted vehicles to interact. We demonstrate the application of the proposed protocol on a synthetic case study and evaluate the protocol by analyzing the time required for platooning operations/transactions as well as performing a usability test on a potential user group.
KW - Autonomous Vehicles
KW - Blockchain
KW - Dynamic platooning
KW - Incentivization System
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072693628&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85072693628&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/COMPSAC.2019.00082
DO - 10.1109/COMPSAC.2019.00082
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85072693628
T3 - Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference
SP - 535
EP - 544
BT - Proceedings - 2019 IEEE 43rd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2019
A2 - Getov, Vladimir
A2 - Gaudiot, Jean-Luc
A2 - Yamai, Nariyoshi
A2 - Cimato, Stelvio
A2 - Chang, Morris
A2 - Teranishi, Yuuichi
A2 - Yang, Ji-Jiang
A2 - Leong, Hong Va
A2 - Shahriar, Hossian
A2 - Takemoto, Michiharu
A2 - Towey, Dave
A2 - Takakura, Hiroki
A2 - Elci, Atilla
A2 - Takeuchi, Susumu
A2 - Puri, Satish
PB - IEEE Computer Society
Y2 - 15 July 2019 through 19 July 2019
ER -