TY - JOUR
T1 - Life History Evolution Forms the Foundation of the Adverse Childhood Experience Pyramid
AU - Hertler, Steven
AU - de Baca, Tomás Cabeza
AU - Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Mateo
AU - Fernandes, Heitor B.F.
AU - Figueredo, Aurelio José
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are situated as the foundation of a six-tier pyramid, above which rests: (1) disrupted neurodevelopment; (2) social, emotional, and cognitive impairment; (3) adoption of health-risk behaviors; (4) disease, disability, and social problems; and (5) early death. ACEs purportedly initiate a causal sequence of negative developmental, behavioral, social, and cognitive outcomes, culminating in heightened mortality risk. Militating against this causal explanation, life history evolution is herein hypothesized to be the true foundation of any such pyramid. Subsuming ACEs within a life history framework has two broad implications: First, to some extent, ACEs are effectively changed from cause to correlate; second ACEs are seen as markers of strategic life history variation, not markers of dysfunction.
AB - Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are situated as the foundation of a six-tier pyramid, above which rests: (1) disrupted neurodevelopment; (2) social, emotional, and cognitive impairment; (3) adoption of health-risk behaviors; (4) disease, disability, and social problems; and (5) early death. ACEs purportedly initiate a causal sequence of negative developmental, behavioral, social, and cognitive outcomes, culminating in heightened mortality risk. Militating against this causal explanation, life history evolution is herein hypothesized to be the true foundation of any such pyramid. Subsuming ACEs within a life history framework has two broad implications: First, to some extent, ACEs are effectively changed from cause to correlate; second ACEs are seen as markers of strategic life history variation, not markers of dysfunction.
KW - ACEs
KW - Abuse
KW - Adverse Childhood Experiences
KW - Life history
KW - Longevity
KW - Mating
KW - Parental effort
KW - Trauma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118587938&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/s40806-021-00299-5
DO - 10.1007/s40806-021-00299-5
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85118587938
SN - 2198-9885
VL - 8
SP - 89
EP - 104
JO - Evolutionary Psychological Science
JF - Evolutionary Psychological Science
IS - 1
ER -