TY - JOUR
T1 - Landscape evolution associated with the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland
AU - Bonnefoy, L. E.
AU - Hamilton, C. W.
AU - Scheidt, S. P.
AU - Duhamel, S.
AU - Höskuldsson,
AU - Jónsdottir, I.
AU - Thordarson, T.
AU - Münzer, U.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Vatnajökull National Park Service (Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður) for access to the study region, Vatnajökull National Park rangers for their help and hospitality at Drekagil, and Park Ranger Sigurður (Siggi) Erlingsson for many informative discussions relating to the changing environmental conditions within the Holuhraun region. We also thank Victor Baker for discussions related to hydrological processes and others who assisted our team in the field. Specifically, we would like to thank Laszlo Keszthelyi and Colin Dundas (2015), Joana Voigt and Kristina Lincoln (2016), Muhammad Aufaristama and Alma Gytha Huntington-Williams (2017), and Sarah Sutton and Jennifer Eigenbrode (2018). The IsViews project (Iceland subglacial Volcanoes interdisciplinary early warning system), funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology (ID 20-8-34102-15-2012), is gratefully acknowledged, as well as the German company GeoFly acquiring and processing the airborne UltraCam-Xp data for IsViews. Agúst Gudmundsson, Fjarkönnun ehf. is gratefully acknowledged for his support with the organization and management of UltraCam-Xp camera flights. We also thank the Icelandic Research Center (Rannsóknamiðstöð Islands) for granting fieldwork permits (2014–2018) as well as the director of the Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður, Þórdur H. Ólafsson for the special permit at Holuhraun. Finally, the authors thank Ingrid Utskins as well as two anonymous reviewers for their detailed and helpful reviews, which led to significant improvement of this paper. Funding support was provided by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Grant # NNX14AL54G, and the University of Arizona's Carson Graduate Fellowship program.
Funding Information:
The authors thank the Vatnajökull National Park Service (Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður) for access to the study region, Vatnajökull National Park rangers for their help and hospitality at Drekagil, and Park Ranger Sigurður (Siggi) Erlingsson for many informative discussions relating to the changing environmental conditions within the Holuhraun region. We also thank Victor Baker for discussions related to hydrological processes and others who assisted our team in the field. Specifically, we would like to thank Laszlo Keszthelyi and Colin Dundas (2015), Joana Voigt and Kristina Lincoln (2016), Muhammad Aufaristama and Alma Gytha Huntington-Williams (2017), and Sarah Sutton and Jennifer Eigenbrode (2018). The IsViews project (Iceland subglacial Volcanoes interdisciplinary early warning system), funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology (ID 20-8-34102-15-2012), is gratefully acknowledged, as well as the German company GeoFly acquiring and processing the airborne UltraCam-Xp data for IsViews. Agúst Gudmundsson, Fjarkönnun ehf. is gratefully acknowledged for his support with the organization and management of UltraCam-Xp camera flights. We also thank the Icelandic Research Center (Rannsóknamiðstöð Islands) for granting fieldwork permits (2014–2018) as well as the director of the Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður, Þórdur H. Ólafsson for the special permit at Holuhraun. Finally, the authors thank Ingrid Utskins as well as two anonymous reviewers for their detailed and helpful reviews, which led to significant improvement of this paper. Funding support was provided by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Grant # NNX14AL54G , and the University of Arizona 's Carson Graduate Fellowship program.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - The 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland developed between the outlet glacier Dyngjujökull and the Askja central volcano and extruded a bulk lava volume of over 1 km3 onto the floodplain of the Jökulsá á Fjöllum river, making it the largest effusive eruption in Iceland during the past 230 years. Time-series monitoring using a combination of traditional aerial imaging, unmanned aerial systems, and field-based geodetic surveys, established an unprecedented record of the hydrological response of the river system to this lava flow. We observed: (1) the formation of lava-dammed lakes and channels produced during dam-breaching events; (2) percolation of glacial meltwater into the porous and permeable lava, forming an ephemeral hydrothermal system that included hot pools and hot springs that emerged from the lava flow front; and (3) the formation of new seepage channels caused by upwelling of water around the periphery of the lava flow. The observations show that lava flows, like the one produced by the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption, can cause significant hydrological changes that continue for several years after the lava is emplaced. Documenting these processes is therefore crucial for our interpretation of volcanic landscapes and processes of lava–water interaction on both Earth and Mars.
AB - The 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland developed between the outlet glacier Dyngjujökull and the Askja central volcano and extruded a bulk lava volume of over 1 km3 onto the floodplain of the Jökulsá á Fjöllum river, making it the largest effusive eruption in Iceland during the past 230 years. Time-series monitoring using a combination of traditional aerial imaging, unmanned aerial systems, and field-based geodetic surveys, established an unprecedented record of the hydrological response of the river system to this lava flow. We observed: (1) the formation of lava-dammed lakes and channels produced during dam-breaching events; (2) percolation of glacial meltwater into the porous and permeable lava, forming an ephemeral hydrothermal system that included hot pools and hot springs that emerged from the lava flow front; and (3) the formation of new seepage channels caused by upwelling of water around the periphery of the lava flow. The observations show that lava flows, like the one produced by the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption, can cause significant hydrological changes that continue for several years after the lava is emplaced. Documenting these processes is therefore crucial for our interpretation of volcanic landscapes and processes of lava–water interaction on both Earth and Mars.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.019
DO - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.019
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85072206391
VL - 387
JO - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
JF - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
SN - 0377-0273
M1 - 106652
ER -