Abstract
This chapter discusses the benefits and hazards of land application of organic residuals including municipal biosolids and animal manures. Different types of biosolids are described as Class A or Class B, depending on the level of treatment. Different types of animal manures are described, depending on the animal sources of the manure. Following this, land application methods for all types of organic residuals are described, as well as the potential microbial hazards associated with both biosolids land manures. Pathogens of concern are given special emphasis including a discussion of regrowth and reactivation within organic residuals. The chapter concludes with a discussion of quantitative microbial risk assessment of pathogens in organic residuals.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Environmental Microbiology |
Subtitle of host publication | Third Edition |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 607-621 |
Number of pages | 15 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780123946263 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2015 |
Keywords
- Animal manures
- Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- Class A biosolids
- Class B biosolids
- Land application
- Microbial pathogens
- Municipal biosolids
- Organic residuals
- Prions
- Reactivation of pathogens
- Regrowth of pathogens
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology