L-ascorbic acid regulates growth and metabolism of renal cells: Improvements in cell culture

The addition of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AscP) to primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) grown under improved culture conditions resulted in an extended growth phase and increased cellular density (1.3-fold increase in monolayer DNA and protein contents). AscP reduced glycolysis, increased net lactate consumption by 38%, and stimulated net glucose production by 47%. Basal O₂ consumption increased by 39% in RPTC grown in the presence of AscP and was equivalent to that in freshly isolated proximal tubules. AscP increased ouabain-sensitive O₂ consumption (81%) and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity (2.5-fold), which suggested increased active Na⁺ transport. Addition of AscP increased Na⁺-dependent glucose uptake by 43% and brush-border enzyme marker activities by 46%. It is concluded that supplementation of media with AscP further improves RPTC culture conditions by promotion of cellular growth and stimulation of in vivo-like respiration, lactate utilization, and net glucose synthesis. These changes are accompanied by an increase in brush-border enzyme activities and stimulation of active Na⁺ transport and Na⁺-dependent glucose transport, which demonstrate an improved expression of brush-border membrane functions in RPTC.