@article{9b0d2610f4b24214b6439125a9d97c30,
title = "Kidney decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels: Rheological characterization and human glomerular endothelial cell response to encapsulation",
abstract = "Hydrogels, highly-hydrated crosslinked polymer networks, closely mimic the microenvironment of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus present as ideal platforms for three-dimensional cell culture. Hydrogels derived from tissue- and organ-specific decellularized ECM (dECM) may retain bioactive signaling cues from the native tissue or organ that could in turn modulate cell–material interactions and response. In this study, we demonstrate that porcine kidney dECM can be processed to form hydrogels suitable for cell culture and encapsulation studies. Scanning electron micrographs of hydrogels demonstrated a fibrous ultrastructure with interconnected pores, and rheological analysis revealed rapid gelation times with shear moduli dependent upon the protein concentration of the hydrogels. Conditionally-immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) cultured on top of or encapsulated within hydrogels exhibited high cell viability and proliferation over a one-week culture period. However, gene expression analysis of GEnCs encapsulated within kidney dECM hydrogels revealed significantly lower expression of several relevant genes of interest compared to those encapsulated within hydrogels composed of only purified collagen I.",
keywords = "decellularized, extracellular matrix (ECM), hydrogel, kidney, tissue engineering",
author = "Jimmy Su and Satchell, {Simon C.} and Shah, {Ramille N.} and Wertheim, {Jason A.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Dr. Alexandra L. Rutz and Phil-lip E. Lewis for training and advice regarding the development and optimization of kidney decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Susan E. Quaggin and Dr. Lindsay S. Keir for their guidance regarding glomerular endothelial cell culture and evaluation of cell response. The authors would like to thank Lennell Reynolds, Jr. at the Northwestern University Center for Advanced Microscopy for assistance with TEM sample processing. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of the following research facilities: the Analytical BioNanotechnology Core Facility of the Simpson Querrey Institute at Northwestern University developed by support from the U.S. Army Research Office, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, and North-western University with ongoing support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the Northwestern University Center for Advanced Microscopy supported by NCI CCSG P30 CA060553 awarded to the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; the Northwestern University Mouse Histology and Phenotyping Laboratory supported by NCI P30-CA060553 awarded to the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; and the NUSeq Core Facility supported by the Northwestern University Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Shared and Core Facilities of the University{\textquoteright}s Office for Research. Funding Information: Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Correspondence to: R. N. Shah; e-mail: Ramille-Shah@northwestern.edu; J. A. Wertheim; e-mail: Jason.Wertheim@northwestern.edu Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; contract grant number: 1F31DK108544-01A1 Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of General Medical Sciences; contract grant number: T32 GM008449 Funding Information: J.S.: Designed experiments, optimized testing parameters, collected and analyzed data, and wrote and edited the manuscript including figures. S.C.S: Provided the conditionally-immortalized glomerular endothelial cell line and assisted with experimental design and manuscript editing. R.N.S.: Co-principal investigator who assisted with experimental design, interpretation of data, and manuscript writing and editing. J.A.W.: Co-principal investigator who assisted with experimental design, interpretation of data, and manuscript writing and editing. This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Biotechnology Training Program (NIGMS T32 GM008449) and a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Individual Predoctoral Fellowship (NRSA F31 NIDDK 1F31DK108544-01A1) awarded to J.S. This work was supported in part by Merit Review I01BX002660 from the United States (U.S.) Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service (J.A.W). The contents do not represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Institutes of Health, or the United States Government. This research was also supported by a grant from the American Society of Transplantation{\textquoteright}s Transplantation and Immunology Research Network (J.A.W), the McCormick Foundation (J.A.W.), and the Google Foundation (R.N.S.). Funding sources had no involvement in study design; collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1002/jbm.a.36439",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "106",
pages = "2448--2462",
journal = "Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A",
issn = "0021-9304",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "9",
}