Intraperitoneal Resuscitation Improves Intestinal Blood Flow Following Hemorrhagic Shock

El Rasheid Zakaria, R. Neal Garrison, David A. Spain, Paul J. Matheson, Patrick D. Harris, J. David Richardson, Timothy C. Fabian, Lewis M. Flint, Loring W. Rue, Basil A. Pruitt, John A. Mannick, Gregory B. Bulkley, H. Biemann Othersen, F. Charles Brunicardi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To study the effects of peritoneal resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. Summary Background Data: Methods for conventional resuscitation (CR) from hemorrhagic shock (HS) often fail to restore adequate intestinal blood flow, and intestinal ischemia has been implicated in the activation of the inflammatory response. There is clinical evidence that intestinal hypoperfusion is a major factor in progressive organ failure following HS. This study presents a novel technique of peritoneal resuscitation (PR) that improves visceral perfusion. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to 50% of baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) and resuscitated with shed blood plus 2 equal volumes of saline (CR). Groups were 1) sham, 2) HS + CR, and 3) HS + CR + PR with a hyperosmolar dextrose-based solution (Delflex 2.5%). Groups 1 and 2 had normal saline PR. In vivo videomicroscopy and Doppler velocimetry were used to assess terminal ileal microvascular blood flow. Endothelial cell function was assessed by the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. Results: Despite restored heart rate and MAP to baseline values, CR animals developed a progressive intestinal vasoconstriction and tissue hypoperfusion compared to baseline flow. PR induced an immediate and sustained vasodilation compared to baseline and a marked increase in average intestinal blood flow during the entire 2-hour post-resuscitation period. Endothelial-dependent dilator function was preserved with PR. Conclusions: Despite the restoration of MAP with blood and saline infusions, progressive vasoconstriction and compromised intestinal blood flow occurs following HS/CR. Hyperosmolar PR during CR maintains intestinal blood flow and endothelial function. This is thought to be a direct effect of hyperosmolar solutions on the visceral microvessels. The addition of PR to a CR protocol prevents the splanchnic ischemia that initiates systemic inflammation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)704-713
Number of pages10
JournalAnnals of surgery
Volume237
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2003
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery

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