Iliofemoral Thrombosis Secondary to Iliac Compression Syndrome in Double Inferior Vena Cava

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (D-IVC) joined by a pelvic connector is a rare congenital anomaly. May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), also known as iliac compression syndrome, is caused by a localized stricture at the point where the left common iliac vein is crossed by the right common iliac artery resulting in left common femoral deep venous thrombosis. The combination pathology of D-IVC and MTS is rarely described. We describe a case of a patient with iliofemoral thrombosis precipitated by MTS with D-IVC, heterozygous mutation of factor V Leiden, and describe our successful treatment approach.