Identification and treatment of an efficiency anomaly in a symmetrically ruled grating illuminated at normal incidence

Frédéric E. Vincent; Walter M. Harris; Matthew Beasley; Jason Corliss; Yan Bétrémieux; Lotfi Ben Jaffel; Fred L. Roesler

doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2010.12.033

Identification and treatment of an efficiency anomaly in a symmetrically ruled grating illuminated at normal incidence

Frédéric E. Vincent, Walter M. Harris, Matthew Beasley, Jason Corliss, Yan Bétrémieux, Lotfi Ben Jaffel, Fred L. Roesler

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the efficiency characteristics of a symmetrically ruled grating in the ± first order with a MgF₂ coating that has been optimized for use at 121.6 nm. The grating is used as a beam splitter and dispersing element in an all-reflective spatial heterodyne spectrometer and therefore must be illuminated at normal incidence. A vector analysis of the performance of the grating indicated that acceptable efficiency of 25% would be achieved in this configuration, a result that was initially confirmed in testing at 7° from normal. However, subsequent testing at normal incidence revealed a sharply peaked anomaly that reduced the efficiency by a factor of 2. This anomaly disappeared after the deposit of a second MgF₂ coating, although this was accompanied by an overall reduction in efficiency. A second, identical grating was obtained and coated with the second MgF₂ recipe. Measurements of this grating show no anomaly at normal incidence and the predicted efficiency at other angles. Here we discuss the characteristics of the anomaly, our steps to address them, and the implications of our findings.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	346-349
Number of pages	4
Journal	Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
Volume	184
Issue number	3-6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2010.12.033
State	Published - Apr 2011
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Diffraction gratings
Efficiency anomalies
Spectroscopy
VUV

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Radiation
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Condensed Matter Physics
Spectroscopy
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

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10.1016/j.elspec.2010.12.033

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@article{4ec48ca490f146a8908ff71c6eb6b6c7,

title = "Identification and treatment of an efficiency anomaly in a symmetrically ruled grating illuminated at normal incidence",

abstract = "We report the efficiency characteristics of a symmetrically ruled grating in the ± first order with a MgF2 coating that has been optimized for use at 121.6 nm. The grating is used as a beam splitter and dispersing element in an all-reflective spatial heterodyne spectrometer and therefore must be illuminated at normal incidence. A vector analysis of the performance of the grating indicated that acceptable efficiency of 25% would be achieved in this configuration, a result that was initially confirmed in testing at 7° from normal. However, subsequent testing at normal incidence revealed a sharply peaked anomaly that reduced the efficiency by a factor of 2. This anomaly disappeared after the deposit of a second MgF2 coating, although this was accompanied by an overall reduction in efficiency. A second, identical grating was obtained and coated with the second MgF2 recipe. Measurements of this grating show no anomaly at normal incidence and the predicted efficiency at other angles. Here we discuss the characteristics of the anomaly, our steps to address them, and the implications of our findings.",

keywords = "Diffraction gratings, Efficiency anomalies, Spectroscopy, VUV",

author = "Vincent, {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric E.} and Harris, {Walter M.} and Matthew Beasley and Jason Corliss and Yan B{\'e}tr{\'e}mieux and Jaffel, {Lotfi Ben} and Roesler, {Fred L.}",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Stephen Rice for the coating services performed at NASA/GSFC Optical Coating Laboratory. We are also grateful to Bruno Touzet (Horiba Jobin-Yvon, Longjumeau, France) for his answers to our questions about the production process of gratings, and to Evgeny Popov (Institut Fresnel, Universit{\'e} de Provence, France) for the interesting conversations about the physics of anomalies. We all acknowledge support from NASA through the grant NNX08AI98G to the University of California Davis, and from CNES through INSPIRE project.",

year = "2011",

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doi = "10.1016/j.elspec.2010.12.033",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "184",

pages = "346--349",

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number = "3-6",

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T1 - Identification and treatment of an efficiency anomaly in a symmetrically ruled grating illuminated at normal incidence

AU - Vincent, Frédéric E.

AU - Harris, Walter M.

AU - Beasley, Matthew

AU - Corliss, Jason

AU - Bétrémieux, Yan

AU - Jaffel, Lotfi Ben

AU - Roesler, Fred L.

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Stephen Rice for the coating services performed at NASA/GSFC Optical Coating Laboratory. We are also grateful to Bruno Touzet (Horiba Jobin-Yvon, Longjumeau, France) for his answers to our questions about the production process of gratings, and to Evgeny Popov (Institut Fresnel, Université de Provence, France) for the interesting conversations about the physics of anomalies. We all acknowledge support from NASA through the grant NNX08AI98G to the University of California Davis, and from CNES through INSPIRE project.

PY - 2011/4

Y1 - 2011/4

N2 - We report the efficiency characteristics of a symmetrically ruled grating in the ± first order with a MgF2 coating that has been optimized for use at 121.6 nm. The grating is used as a beam splitter and dispersing element in an all-reflective spatial heterodyne spectrometer and therefore must be illuminated at normal incidence. A vector analysis of the performance of the grating indicated that acceptable efficiency of 25% would be achieved in this configuration, a result that was initially confirmed in testing at 7° from normal. However, subsequent testing at normal incidence revealed a sharply peaked anomaly that reduced the efficiency by a factor of 2. This anomaly disappeared after the deposit of a second MgF2 coating, although this was accompanied by an overall reduction in efficiency. A second, identical grating was obtained and coated with the second MgF2 recipe. Measurements of this grating show no anomaly at normal incidence and the predicted efficiency at other angles. Here we discuss the characteristics of the anomaly, our steps to address them, and the implications of our findings.

AB - We report the efficiency characteristics of a symmetrically ruled grating in the ± first order with a MgF2 coating that has been optimized for use at 121.6 nm. The grating is used as a beam splitter and dispersing element in an all-reflective spatial heterodyne spectrometer and therefore must be illuminated at normal incidence. A vector analysis of the performance of the grating indicated that acceptable efficiency of 25% would be achieved in this configuration, a result that was initially confirmed in testing at 7° from normal. However, subsequent testing at normal incidence revealed a sharply peaked anomaly that reduced the efficiency by a factor of 2. This anomaly disappeared after the deposit of a second MgF2 coating, although this was accompanied by an overall reduction in efficiency. A second, identical grating was obtained and coated with the second MgF2 recipe. Measurements of this grating show no anomaly at normal incidence and the predicted efficiency at other angles. Here we discuss the characteristics of the anomaly, our steps to address them, and the implications of our findings.

KW - Diffraction gratings

KW - Efficiency anomalies

KW - Spectroscopy

KW - VUV

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ER -

Identification and treatment of an efficiency anomaly in a symmetrically ruled grating illuminated at normal incidence

Abstract

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