Human Health and Ecological Risks Associated with Total and Bioaccessible Concentrations of Cadmium and Lead in Urban Park Soils

Muhammad Amjad Khan, Javed Nawab, Anwarzeb Khan, Mark L. Brusseau, Shah Nawaz Khan, Neelum Ali, Saraj Bahadur, Sardar Khan, Qing Huang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study investigated the total and bioaccessible concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in urban soils and their associated human health and ecological risk. Total and bioaccessible metal concentrations were found within the safe limits except for Cd, surpassing the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) China limit in 9.5% of parks. Bioaccessible concentrations were higher in the gastric (G) phase than the intestinal (I) phase, while Cd showed more bioaccessibility compared to Pb. Bioaccessible concentrations reduced Hazard Quotient (HQing) values by 2–22 times and 0–2 times for children and adults, respectively, while hazard index (HI) declined by 1.7 times, and the mean total bioaccessible risk of Pb decreased by 20.8 times. Further, the study revealed a low level of contamination factor (CF < 1) and a low degree of contamination (CD < 6), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) values for all the cities were less than 150, indicating low ecological risk.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number61
JournalBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Volume110
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2023

Keywords

  • Bioaccessibility
  • Carcinogenic
  • Daily intake
  • Ecological risk
  • Health risk

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Toxicology
  • Pollution
  • Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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