TY - JOUR
T1 - Hubble Frontier Fields
T2 - Predictions for the return of SN Refsdal with the MUSE and GMOS spectrographs
AU - Jauzac, M.
AU - Richard, J.
AU - Limousin, M.
AU - Knowles, K.
AU - Mahler, G.
AU - Smith, G. P.
AU - Kneib, J. P.
AU - Jullo, E.
AU - Natarajan, P.
AU - Ebeling, H.
AU - Atek, H.
AU - Clément, B.
AU - Eckert, D.
AU - Egami, E.
AU - Massey, R.
AU - Rexroth, M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the anonymous referee for his/her fruitful comments and suggestions. The authors thank Professor Keren Sharon for fruitful discussions, and important suggestions. MJ thanks Professor Tommaso Treu for his comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant number ST/L00075X/1 and ST/F001166/1) and used the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk [www.dirac.ac.uk]). This equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/K00042X/1, STFC capital grant ST/H008519/1, and STFC DiRACOperations grant ST/K003267/1 and Durham University. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure. JR acknowledges support from the ERC starting grant CALENDS and the CIG grant 294074. MJ, EJ, and ML acknowledge the Mésocentre d’Aix-Marseille Université (project number: 15b030). This study also benefited from the facilities offered by CEntre de donnéeS Astrophysique de Marseille (CeSAM; http://lam.oamp.fr/cesam/). ML acknowledges the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) for its support. EJ and ML acknowledge the Centre National d’Etude Spatial (CNES) for its support. KK acknowledges post-graduate funding from the NRF/SKA SA Project. J-PK acknowledges support from the ERC advanced grant LIDA. PN acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation via the grant AST-1044455, AST-1044455, and a theory grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute HST-AR-12144.01-A. RM is supported by the Royal Society. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Based on observations made with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope (ESO/VLT) at Cerro Paranal, under programme ID 294.A-5032 (PI: Grillo). Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership (as at the date that the data described in this paper were obtained): the National Science Foundation (USA), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brazil), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina). MJ thanks the Department of Astronomy at Yale University for their hospitality.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Authors.
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - We present a high-precision mass model of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.6+ 2223, based on a strong gravitational lensing analysis of Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields (HFF) imaging data and spectroscopic follow-up with Gemini/Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS) and Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). Our model includes 12 newmultiply imaged galaxies, bringing the total to 22, composed of 65 individual lensed images. Unlike the first two HFF clusters, Abell 2744 and MACS J0416.1-2403, MACS J1149 does not reveal as many multiple images in the HFF data. Using the LENSTOOL software package and the new sets of multiple images, we model the cluster with several cluster-scale dark matter haloes and additional galaxy-scale haloes for the cluster members. Consistent with previous analyses, we find the system to be complex, composed of five cluster-scale haloes. Their spatial distribution and lower mass, however, makes MACS J1149 a less powerful lens. Our best-fitting model predicts image positions with an rms of 0.91 arcsec. We measure the total projected mass inside a 200-kpc aperture as (1.840 ± 0.006) × 1014 M⊙, thus reaching again 1 per cent precision, following our previous HFF analyses of MACS J0416.1-2403 and Abell 2744. In light of the discovery of the first resolved quadruply lensed supernova, SN Refsdal, in one of the multiply imaged galaxies identified in MACS J1149, we use our revised mass model to investigate the time delays and predict the rise of the next image between 2015 November and 2016 January.
AB - We present a high-precision mass model of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.6+ 2223, based on a strong gravitational lensing analysis of Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields (HFF) imaging data and spectroscopic follow-up with Gemini/Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS) and Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). Our model includes 12 newmultiply imaged galaxies, bringing the total to 22, composed of 65 individual lensed images. Unlike the first two HFF clusters, Abell 2744 and MACS J0416.1-2403, MACS J1149 does not reveal as many multiple images in the HFF data. Using the LENSTOOL software package and the new sets of multiple images, we model the cluster with several cluster-scale dark matter haloes and additional galaxy-scale haloes for the cluster members. Consistent with previous analyses, we find the system to be complex, composed of five cluster-scale haloes. Their spatial distribution and lower mass, however, makes MACS J1149 a less powerful lens. Our best-fitting model predicts image positions with an rms of 0.91 arcsec. We measure the total projected mass inside a 200-kpc aperture as (1.840 ± 0.006) × 1014 M⊙, thus reaching again 1 per cent precision, following our previous HFF analyses of MACS J0416.1-2403 and Abell 2744. In light of the discovery of the first resolved quadruply lensed supernova, SN Refsdal, in one of the multiply imaged galaxies identified in MACS J1149, we use our revised mass model to investigate the time delays and predict the rise of the next image between 2015 November and 2016 January.
KW - Galaxies: clusters: individual: MACS J1149
KW - Gravitational lensing: strong
KW - Supernovae: individual: SN Refsdal
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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stw069
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw069
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84960184532
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 457
SP - 2029
EP - 2042
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 2
ER -