TY - JOUR
T1 - High-Risk Factors in Symptomatic Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting with Distal Protection
T2 - Buffalo Risk Assessment Scale (BRASS)
AU - Fanous, Andrew A.
AU - Natarajan, Sabareesh K.
AU - Jowdy, Patrick K.
AU - Dumont, Travis M.
AU - Mokin, Maxim
AU - Yu, Jihnhee
AU - Goldstein, Adam
AU - Wach, Michael M.
AU - Budny, James L.
AU - Hopkins, L. Nelson
AU - Snyder, Kenneth V.
AU - Siddiqui, Adnan H.
AU - Levy, Elad I.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.
PY - 2015/10/21
Y1 - 2015/10/21
N2 - BACKGROUND: Demographics and vascular anatomy may play an important role in predicting periprocedural complications in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). OBJECTIVE: To predict factors associated with increased risk of complications in symptomatic patients undergoing CAS and to devise a CAS scoring system that predicts such complications in this patient population. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted that included patients who underwent CAS for symptomatic carotid stenosis during a 3-year period. Demographics and anatomic characteristics were subsequently correlated with 30-day outcome measures. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients were included in the study. The cumulative rate of periprocedural complications was 7.2%, including stroke (3.2%), myocardial infarction (3.2%), and death (1.4%). Renal disease increased the risk of all complications. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥10 at presentation, difficult femoral access, and diseased calcified aortic arch increased the risk of stroke and all complications. Type III aortic arch correlated with increased risk of stroke. Pseudo-occlusion and concentric calcification of the carotid artery increased the risk of myocardial infarction, death, and all complications. Carotid tortuosity and anatomy hostile to the deployment of distal protection devices increased the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, death, and all complications. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CAS should be avoided in patients with multiple anatomic risk factors. High presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and renal disease also increase the complication risk. The CAS scoring system devised here is simple, reproducible, and clinically valuable in predicting complications risk in symptomatic patients undergoing CAS. ABBREVIATIONS: BRASS, Buffalo Risk Assessment Scale CAS, carotid artery stenting CCA, common carotid artery CEA, carotid endarterectomy CTA, computed tomographic angiogram ICA, internal carotid artery MI, myocardial infarction NASCET, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
AB - BACKGROUND: Demographics and vascular anatomy may play an important role in predicting periprocedural complications in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). OBJECTIVE: To predict factors associated with increased risk of complications in symptomatic patients undergoing CAS and to devise a CAS scoring system that predicts such complications in this patient population. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted that included patients who underwent CAS for symptomatic carotid stenosis during a 3-year period. Demographics and anatomic characteristics were subsequently correlated with 30-day outcome measures. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients were included in the study. The cumulative rate of periprocedural complications was 7.2%, including stroke (3.2%), myocardial infarction (3.2%), and death (1.4%). Renal disease increased the risk of all complications. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥10 at presentation, difficult femoral access, and diseased calcified aortic arch increased the risk of stroke and all complications. Type III aortic arch correlated with increased risk of stroke. Pseudo-occlusion and concentric calcification of the carotid artery increased the risk of myocardial infarction, death, and all complications. Carotid tortuosity and anatomy hostile to the deployment of distal protection devices increased the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, death, and all complications. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CAS should be avoided in patients with multiple anatomic risk factors. High presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and renal disease also increase the complication risk. The CAS scoring system devised here is simple, reproducible, and clinically valuable in predicting complications risk in symptomatic patients undergoing CAS. ABBREVIATIONS: BRASS, Buffalo Risk Assessment Scale CAS, carotid artery stenting CCA, common carotid artery CEA, carotid endarterectomy CTA, computed tomographic angiogram ICA, internal carotid artery MI, myocardial infarction NASCET, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
KW - Carotid artery stenting
KW - Demographic
KW - Risk factors
KW - Symptomatic carotid stenosis
KW - Vascular anatomy
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U2 - 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000871
DO - 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000871
M3 - Article
C2 - 26308641
AN - SCOPUS:84941917752
SN - 0148-396X
VL - 77
SP - 531
EP - 542
JO - Neurosurgery
JF - Neurosurgery
IS - 4
ER -