TY - JOUR
T1 - Heteronormativity, school climates, and perceived safety for gender nonconforming peers
AU - Toomey, Russell B.
AU - McGuire, Jenifer K.
AU - Russell, Stephen T
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by a contract from the California Endowment to the California Safe Schools Coalition and a William T Grant Foundation Scholar Award to the first author, and the Fitch Nesbitt Endowment, Frances McClelland Institute at the University of Arizona. The authors thank the Gay-Straight Alliance Network for their role in collecting the data, the California Safe Schools Coalition Evaluation Committee for access to the data and for their thoughtful input, and Cesar Egurrola, Nicole Lehman, Jacqueline Larriva, and Craig Talmage for assistance with data management.
PY - 2012/2
Y1 - 2012/2
N2 - Students' perceptions of their school climates are associated with psychosocial and academic adjustment. The present study examined the role of school strategies to promote safety in predicting students' perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers among 1415 students in 28 high schools. Using multilevel modeling techniques, we examined student- and school-level effects on students' perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers. We found that older students, bisexual youth, Latino youth, and youth who experienced school violence perceived their gender nonconforming male peers to be less safe. Similarly, we found that older students and students who experienced school violence and harassment due to gender nonconformity perceived their gender nonconforming female peers to be less safe. At the school-level, we found that when schools included lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) issues in the curriculum and had a Gay-Straight Alliance, students perceived their schools as safer for gender nonconforming male peers.
AB - Students' perceptions of their school climates are associated with psychosocial and academic adjustment. The present study examined the role of school strategies to promote safety in predicting students' perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers among 1415 students in 28 high schools. Using multilevel modeling techniques, we examined student- and school-level effects on students' perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers. We found that older students, bisexual youth, Latino youth, and youth who experienced school violence perceived their gender nonconforming male peers to be less safe. Similarly, we found that older students and students who experienced school violence and harassment due to gender nonconformity perceived their gender nonconforming female peers to be less safe. At the school-level, we found that when schools included lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) issues in the curriculum and had a Gay-Straight Alliance, students perceived their schools as safer for gender nonconforming male peers.
KW - Gender nonconformity
KW - Heteronormativity
KW - LGBT
KW - School safety
KW - School victimization
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U2 - 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.03.001
DO - 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.03.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 21481925
AN - SCOPUS:84855591425
SN - 0140-1971
VL - 35
SP - 187
EP - 196
JO - Journal of Adolescence
JF - Journal of Adolescence
IS - 1
ER -