Abstract
Context. Flat-spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQs) are rarely detected at very high energies (E 100 GeV) due to their low-frequency-peaked spectral energy distributions. At present, only six FSRQs are known to emit very high-energy (VHE) photons, representing only 7% of the VHE extragalactic catalog, which is largely dominated by high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae objects. Aims. Following the detection of MeV–GeV -ray flaring activity from the FSRQ PKS 0736+017 (z = 0:189) with Fermi-LAT, the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes triggered target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations on February 18, 2015, with the goal of studying the -ray emission in the VHE band. Methods. H.E.S.S. ToO observations were carried out during the nights of February 18, 19, 21, and 24, 2015. Together with Fermi-LAT, the multi-wavelength coverage of the flare includes Swift observations in soft X-ray and optical-UV bands, and optical monitoring (photometry and spectro-polarimetry) by the Steward Observatory, and the ATOM, the KAIT, and the ASAS-SN telescopes. Results. VHE emission from PKS 0736+017 was detected with H.E.S.S. only during the night of February 19, 2015. Fermi-LAT data indicate the presence of a -ray flare, peaking at the time of the H.E.S.S. detection, with a flux doubling timescale of around six hours. The -ray flare was accompanied by at least a 1 mag brightening of the non-thermal optical continuum. No simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths are available for the night of the H.E.S.S. detection. The -ray observations with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT are used to put constraints on the location of the -ray emitting region during the flare: it is constrained to be just outside the radius of the broad-line region rBLR with a bulk Lorentz factor 20, or at the level of the radius of the dusty torus rtorus with 60. Conclusions. PKS 0736+017 is the seventh FSRQ known to emit VHE photons, and at z = 0:189 is the nearest so far. The location of the -ray emitting region during the flare can be tightly constrained thanks to opacity, variability, and collimation arguments.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | A162 |
| Journal | Astronomy and astrophysics |
| Volume | 633 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Astroparticle physics
- Gamma rays: general
- Quasars: individual: PKS 0736+017
- Relativistic processes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
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H.E.S.S. detection of very high-energy γ -ray emission from the quasar PKS 0736+017. / Abdalla, H.; Adam, R.; Aharonian, F.; Ait Benkhali, F.; Angüner, E. O.; Arakawa, M.; Arcaro, C.; Armand, C.; Ashkar, H.; Backes, M.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Barnard, M.; Becherini, Y.; Berge, D.; Bernlöhr, K.; Blackwell, R.; Böttcher, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonnefoy, S.; Bregeon, J.; Breuhaus, M.; Brun, F.; Brun, P.; Bryan, M.; Büchele, M.; Bulik, T.; Bylund, T.; Capasso, M.; Caroff, S.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cerruti, M.; Chand, T.; Chandra, S.; Chen, A.; Colafrancesco, S.; Curyło, M.; Davids, I. D.; Deil, C.; Devin, J.; Dewilt, P.; Dirson, L.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Donath, A.; Doroshenko, V.; Drury, L. O.C.; Dyks, J.; Egberts, K.; Emery, G.; Ernenwein, J. P.; Eschbach, S.; Feijen, K.; Fegan, S.; Fiasson, A.; Fontaine, G.; Funk, S.; Füßling, M.; Gabici, S.; Gallant, Y. A.; Gaté, F.; Giavitto, G.; Glawion, D.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Gottschall, D.; Grondin, M. H.; Hahn, J.; Haupt, M.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Hoischen, C.; Holch, T. L.; Holler, M.; Horns, D.; Huber, D.; Iwasaki, H.; Jamrozy, M.; Jankowsky, D.; Jankowsky, F.; Jardin-Blicq, A.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kastendieck, M. A.; Katarzyński, K.; Katsuragawa, M.; Katz, U.; Khangulyan, D.; Khélifi, B.; King, J.; Klepser, S.; Kluź Niak, W.; Komin, Nu; Kosack, K.; Kostunin, D.; Kraus, M.; Lamanna, G.; Lau, J.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J. P.; Leser, E.; Levy, C.; Lohse, T.; Lypova, I.; Mackey, J.; Majumdar, J.; Malyshev, D.; Marandon, V.; Marcowith, A.; Mares, A.; Mariaud, C.; Martí-Devesa, G.; Marx, R.; Maurin, G.; Meintjes, P. J.; Mitchell, A. M.W.; Moderski, R.; Mohamed, M.; Mohrmann, L.; Muller, J.; Moore, C.; Moulin, E.; Murach, T.; Nakashima, S.; De Naurois, M.; Ndiyavala, H.; Niederwanger, F.; Niemiec, J.; Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P.; Odaka, H.; Ohm, S.; De Oña Wilhelmi, E.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I.; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D.; Perennes, C.; Petrucci, P. O.; Peyaud, B.; Piel, Q.; Pita, S.; Poireau, V.; Priyana Noel, A.; Prokhorov, D. A.; Prokoph, H.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Raab, S.; Rauth, R.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Remy, Q.; Renaud, M.; Rieger, F.; Rinchiuso, L.; Romoli, C.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Sahakian, V.; Saito, S.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schüssler, F.; Schulz, A.; Schutte, H.; Schwanke, U.; Schwemmer, S.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Senniappan, M.; Seyffert, A. S.; Shafi, N.; Shiningayamwe, K.; Simoni, R.; Sinha, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spir-Jacob, M.; Stawarz; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Steppa, C.; Takahashi, T.; Tavernier, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Tiziani, D.; Tluczykont, M.; Trichard, C.; Tsirou, M.; Tsuji, N.; Tuffs, R.; Uchiyama, Y.; Van Der Walt, D. J.; Van Eldik, C.; Van Rensburg, C.; Van Soelen, B.; Vasileiadis, G.; Veh, J.; Venter, C.; Vincent, P.; Vink, J.; Voisin, F.; Völk, H. J.; Vuillaume, T.; Wadiasingh, Z.; Wagner, S. J.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Yang, R.; Yoneda, H.; Zacharias, M.; Zanin, R.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Ziegler, A.; Zorn, J.; Zywucka, N.; Smith, P. S.
In: Astronomy and astrophysics, Vol. 633, A162, 01.01.2020.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - H.E.S.S. detection of very high-energy γ -ray emission from the quasar PKS 0736+017
AU - Abdalla, H.
AU - Adam, R.
AU - Aharonian, F.
AU - Ait Benkhali, F.
AU - Angüner, E. O.
AU - Arakawa, M.
AU - Arcaro, C.
AU - Armand, C.
AU - Ashkar, H.
AU - Backes, M.
AU - Barbosa Martins, V.
AU - Barnard, M.
AU - Becherini, Y.
AU - Berge, D.
AU - Bernlöhr, K.
AU - Blackwell, R.
AU - Böttcher, M.
AU - Boisson, C.
AU - Bolmont, J.
AU - Bonnefoy, S.
AU - Bregeon, J.
AU - Breuhaus, M.
AU - Brun, F.
AU - Brun, P.
AU - Bryan, M.
AU - Büchele, M.
AU - Bulik, T.
AU - Bylund, T.
AU - Capasso, M.
AU - Caroff, S.
AU - Carosi, A.
AU - Casanova, S.
AU - Cerruti, M.
AU - Chand, T.
AU - Chandra, S.
AU - Chen, A.
AU - Colafrancesco, S.
AU - Curyło, M.
AU - Davids, I. D.
AU - Deil, C.
AU - Devin, J.
AU - Dewilt, P.
AU - Dirson, L.
AU - Djannati-Ataï, A.
AU - Dmytriiev, A.
AU - Donath, A.
AU - Doroshenko, V.
AU - Drury, L. O.C.
AU - Dyks, J.
AU - Egberts, K.
AU - Emery, G.
AU - Ernenwein, J. P.
AU - Eschbach, S.
AU - Feijen, K.
AU - Fegan, S.
AU - Fiasson, A.
AU - Fontaine, G.
AU - Funk, S.
AU - Füßling, M.
AU - Gabici, S.
AU - Gallant, Y. A.
AU - Gaté, F.
AU - Giavitto, G.
AU - Glawion, D.
AU - Glicenstein, J. F.
AU - Gottschall, D.
AU - Grondin, M. H.
AU - Hahn, J.
AU - Haupt, M.
AU - Heinzelmann, G.
AU - Henri, G.
AU - Hermann, G.
AU - Hinton, J. A.
AU - Hofmann, W.
AU - Hoischen, C.
AU - Holch, T. L.
AU - Holler, M.
AU - Horns, D.
AU - Huber, D.
AU - Iwasaki, H.
AU - Jamrozy, M.
AU - Jankowsky, D.
AU - Jankowsky, F.
AU - Jardin-Blicq, A.
AU - Jung-Richardt, I.
AU - Kastendieck, M. A.
AU - Katarzyński, K.
AU - Katsuragawa, M.
AU - Katz, U.
AU - Khangulyan, D.
AU - Khélifi, B.
AU - King, J.
AU - Klepser, S.
AU - Kluź Niak, W.
AU - Komin, Nu
AU - Kosack, K.
AU - Kostunin, D.
AU - Kraus, M.
AU - Lamanna, G.
AU - Lau, J.
AU - Lemière, A.
AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
AU - Lenain, J. P.
AU - Leser, E.
AU - Levy, C.
AU - Lohse, T.
AU - Lypova, I.
AU - Mackey, J.
AU - Majumdar, J.
AU - Malyshev, D.
AU - Marandon, V.
AU - Marcowith, A.
AU - Mares, A.
AU - Mariaud, C.
AU - Martí-Devesa, G.
AU - Marx, R.
AU - Maurin, G.
AU - Meintjes, P. J.
AU - Mitchell, A. M.W.
AU - Moderski, R.
AU - Mohamed, M.
AU - Mohrmann, L.
AU - Muller, J.
AU - Moore, C.
AU - Moulin, E.
AU - Murach, T.
AU - Nakashima, S.
AU - De Naurois, M.
AU - Ndiyavala, H.
AU - Niederwanger, F.
AU - Niemiec, J.
AU - Oakes, L.
AU - O'Brien, P.
AU - Odaka, H.
AU - Ohm, S.
AU - De Oña Wilhelmi, E.
AU - Ostrowski, M.
AU - Oya, I.
AU - Panter, M.
AU - Parsons, R. D.
AU - Perennes, C.
AU - Petrucci, P. O.
AU - Peyaud, B.
AU - Piel, Q.
AU - Pita, S.
AU - Poireau, V.
AU - Priyana Noel, A.
AU - Prokhorov, D. A.
AU - Prokoph, H.
AU - Pühlhofer, G.
AU - Punch, M.
AU - Quirrenbach, A.
AU - Raab, S.
AU - Rauth, R.
AU - Reimer, A.
AU - Reimer, O.
AU - Remy, Q.
AU - Renaud, M.
AU - Rieger, F.
AU - Rinchiuso, L.
AU - Romoli, C.
AU - Rowell, G.
AU - Rudak, B.
AU - Ruiz-Velasco, E.
AU - Sahakian, V.
AU - Saito, S.
AU - Sanchez, D. A.
AU - Santangelo, A.
AU - Sasaki, M.
AU - Schlickeiser, R.
AU - Schüssler, F.
AU - Schulz, A.
AU - Schutte, H.
AU - Schwanke, U.
AU - Schwemmer, S.
AU - Seglar-Arroyo, M.
AU - Senniappan, M.
AU - Seyffert, A. S.
AU - Shafi, N.
AU - Shiningayamwe, K.
AU - Simoni, R.
AU - Sinha, A.
AU - Sol, H.
AU - Specovius, A.
AU - Spir-Jacob, M.
AU - Stawarz,
AU - Steenkamp, R.
AU - Stegmann, C.
AU - Steppa, C.
AU - Takahashi, T.
AU - Tavernier, T.
AU - Taylor, A. M.
AU - Terrier, R.
AU - Tiziani, D.
AU - Tluczykont, M.
AU - Trichard, C.
AU - Tsirou, M.
AU - Tsuji, N.
AU - Tuffs, R.
AU - Uchiyama, Y.
AU - Van Der Walt, D. J.
AU - Van Eldik, C.
AU - Van Rensburg, C.
AU - Van Soelen, B.
AU - Vasileiadis, G.
AU - Veh, J.
AU - Venter, C.
AU - Vincent, P.
AU - Vink, J.
AU - Voisin, F.
AU - Völk, H. J.
AU - Vuillaume, T.
AU - Wadiasingh, Z.
AU - Wagner, S. J.
AU - White, R.
AU - Wierzcholska, A.
AU - Yang, R.
AU - Yoneda, H.
AU - Zacharias, M.
AU - Zanin, R.
AU - Zdziarski, A. A.
AU - Zech, A.
AU - Ziegler, A.
AU - Zorn, J.
AU - Zywucka, N.
AU - Smith, P. S.
N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements. The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Helmholtz Association, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/IN2P3 and CNRS/INSU), the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Science Centre, Poland grant no. 2016/22/M/ST9/00382, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, the University of Namibia, the National Commission on Research, Science and Technology of Namibia (NCRST), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the Australian Research Council (ARC), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by the University of Amsterdam. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Zeuthen, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, Tübingen and in Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. This work benefited from services provided by the H.E.S.S. Virtual Organisation, supported by the national resource providers of the EGI Federation. The CC-IN2P3 (cc.in2p3.fr) is gratefully acknowledged for providing a significant amount of the computing resources and services needed for this work. Part of this work is based on archival data, software or online services provided by the Space Science Data Center – ASI. Blazar observations at Steward Observatory are funded though NASA/Fermi Guest Investigator Program grant NNX15AU81G. Matteo Cerruti has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from la Caixa Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012). The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee, whose constructive comments significantly improved the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © H.E.S.S. Collaboration et al. 2020.
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Context. Flat-spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQs) are rarely detected at very high energies (E 100 GeV) due to their low-frequency-peaked spectral energy distributions. At present, only six FSRQs are known to emit very high-energy (VHE) photons, representing only 7% of the VHE extragalactic catalog, which is largely dominated by high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae objects. Aims. Following the detection of MeV–GeV -ray flaring activity from the FSRQ PKS 0736+017 (z = 0:189) with Fermi-LAT, the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes triggered target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations on February 18, 2015, with the goal of studying the -ray emission in the VHE band. Methods. H.E.S.S. ToO observations were carried out during the nights of February 18, 19, 21, and 24, 2015. Together with Fermi-LAT, the multi-wavelength coverage of the flare includes Swift observations in soft X-ray and optical-UV bands, and optical monitoring (photometry and spectro-polarimetry) by the Steward Observatory, and the ATOM, the KAIT, and the ASAS-SN telescopes. Results. VHE emission from PKS 0736+017 was detected with H.E.S.S. only during the night of February 19, 2015. Fermi-LAT data indicate the presence of a -ray flare, peaking at the time of the H.E.S.S. detection, with a flux doubling timescale of around six hours. The -ray flare was accompanied by at least a 1 mag brightening of the non-thermal optical continuum. No simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths are available for the night of the H.E.S.S. detection. The -ray observations with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT are used to put constraints on the location of the -ray emitting region during the flare: it is constrained to be just outside the radius of the broad-line region rBLR with a bulk Lorentz factor 20, or at the level of the radius of the dusty torus rtorus with 60. Conclusions. PKS 0736+017 is the seventh FSRQ known to emit VHE photons, and at z = 0:189 is the nearest so far. The location of the -ray emitting region during the flare can be tightly constrained thanks to opacity, variability, and collimation arguments.
AB - Context. Flat-spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQs) are rarely detected at very high energies (E 100 GeV) due to their low-frequency-peaked spectral energy distributions. At present, only six FSRQs are known to emit very high-energy (VHE) photons, representing only 7% of the VHE extragalactic catalog, which is largely dominated by high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae objects. Aims. Following the detection of MeV–GeV -ray flaring activity from the FSRQ PKS 0736+017 (z = 0:189) with Fermi-LAT, the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes triggered target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations on February 18, 2015, with the goal of studying the -ray emission in the VHE band. Methods. H.E.S.S. ToO observations were carried out during the nights of February 18, 19, 21, and 24, 2015. Together with Fermi-LAT, the multi-wavelength coverage of the flare includes Swift observations in soft X-ray and optical-UV bands, and optical monitoring (photometry and spectro-polarimetry) by the Steward Observatory, and the ATOM, the KAIT, and the ASAS-SN telescopes. Results. VHE emission from PKS 0736+017 was detected with H.E.S.S. only during the night of February 19, 2015. Fermi-LAT data indicate the presence of a -ray flare, peaking at the time of the H.E.S.S. detection, with a flux doubling timescale of around six hours. The -ray flare was accompanied by at least a 1 mag brightening of the non-thermal optical continuum. No simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths are available for the night of the H.E.S.S. detection. The -ray observations with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT are used to put constraints on the location of the -ray emitting region during the flare: it is constrained to be just outside the radius of the broad-line region rBLR with a bulk Lorentz factor 20, or at the level of the radius of the dusty torus rtorus with 60. Conclusions. PKS 0736+017 is the seventh FSRQ known to emit VHE photons, and at z = 0:189 is the nearest so far. The location of the -ray emitting region during the flare can be tightly constrained thanks to opacity, variability, and collimation arguments.
KW - Astroparticle physics
KW - Gamma rays: general
KW - Quasars: individual: PKS 0736+017
KW - Relativistic processes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85094319353&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85094319353&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201935906
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201935906
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85094319353
VL - 633
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
SN - 0004-6361
M1 - A162
ER -