Geographic Access to CT for Lung Cancer Screening: A Census Tract-Level Analysis of Cigarette Smoking in the United States and Driving Distance to a CT Facility

Tina D. Tailor, Kingshuk R. Choudhury, Betty C. Tong, Jared D. Christensen, Julie A. Sosa, Geoffrey D. Rubin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

37 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Spatial access to health care resources is a requisite for utilization. Our purpose was to determine, at a census tract level, the geographic distribution of US smokers and their driving distance to an ACR-accredited CT facility. Methods: The number of smokers per US census tract was determined from US Census Bureau data (American Community Survey, 2011-2015) and census tract smoking prevalence estimates. Driving distance, from the centroid of each census tract to the nearest CT facility, was determined using a geographic information system. Distance variations were assessed, and relationships with tract population density were examined with regression models. Results: Most US smokers (81.8%) were within 15 miles of a CT facility; however, there was considerable inter- and intrastate variability. For census tracts containing ≥500 smokers, median distance to a CT was 4.3 miles. At the state level, median distance ranged from 1.4 (Washington DC) to 29.1 miles (Wyoming). Within each state, this variation was higher, with Washington, DC, exhibiting the lowest range (range, 4.3; 0.2-4.5 miles) and Maine exhibiting the highest range (range, 244.8; 0.2-245.0 miles). Distance to a CT facility was inversely associated with census tract population density. Conclusions: Geographic variability in CT facility access has implications for lung cancer screening (LCS) implementation. Individuals in densely populated areas have relatively greater spatial access to CT facilities than those in sparsely populated tracts. Further work is needed to identify access disparities to LCS to optimize LCS for all eligible populations.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)15-23
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of the American College of Radiology
Volume16
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Lung cancer screening
  • geographic information systems
  • health care access

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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