Genetics in cancer prediction, screening, and counseling: Part I, Genetics in cancer prediction and screening.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review molecular biology and gene technology as they relate to cancer prediction and screening. DATA SOURCES: Published professional articles, texts, and proceedings; computerized data bases. DATA SYNTHESIS: Basic principles of inheritance and mutations; a discussion of proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and anti-oncogenes; a summary of gene-mapping techniques; and a review of genes linked to familial, breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Most human cancers are influenced genetically but are not inherited. Discoveries about cancer genes play a major role in identifying individuals and families who are likely to develop cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses need to heighten their awareness of this science and its ramifications, which ultimately will affect recommendations for early detection and screening.