Frailty as a prognostic factor for the critically ill older adult trauma patients

Background: Frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly and confers high risk for adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of frailty on critically ill older adult trauma patients. Methods: We analyzed the ACS-TQIP(2010–2014) including all critically-ill trauma patients ≥65y. The modified frailty index (mFI) was calculated. Following stratified into frail and non-frail, propensity score matching was performed. Our primary outcome measure was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcome measures included mortality and discharge disposition. Results: We identified 88,629 patients, of which 34,854 patients (frail: 17,427, non-frail: 17,427) were matched. Overall 14% died. Frail patients had higher rates of complications (34% vs. 18%, p < 0.001), mortality (18.1% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001), and were more likely to be discharged to rehab/SNF (58.7% vs. 21.2% p < 0.001) compared to non-frail patients. Conclusion: critically-ill frail patients are more likely to have higher morbidity and mortality. Frailty can be used as an objective measure to identify high-risk patients.