TY - JOUR
T1 - Focused 70-cm wavelength radar mapping of the moon
AU - Campbell, Bruce A.
AU - Campbell, Donald B.
AU - Margot, J. L.
AU - Ghent, Rebecca R.
AU - Nolan, Michael
AU - Chandler, John
AU - Carter, Lynn M.
AU - Stacy, Nicholas J.S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received November 13, 2006; revised July 9, 2007. This work was supported in part by a grant from NASA’s Planetary Astronomy Program. B. A. Campbell and L. M. Carter are with the Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). D. B. Campbell and J. L. Margot are with the Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. R. R. Ghent is with the Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. M. Nolan is with the Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, PR 00612, Puerto Rico. J. Chandler is with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. N. J. S. Stacy is with the Defence Science and Technology Organization, Edinburgh, S.A. 5111, Australia. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TGRS.2007.906582
PY - 2007/12
Y1 - 2007/12
N2 - We describe new 70-cm wavelength radar images of the lunar near-side and limb regions obtained via a synthetic-aperture-radar patch-focusing reduction technique. The data are obtained by transmitting a circularly polarized pulsed waveform from the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico and receiving the echo in both senses of circular polarization with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia. The resultant images in both polarizations have a spatial resolution as fine as 320 m × 450 m near the lunar limb. The patch-focusing technique is a computationally efficient method for compensating for range migration and Doppler (azimuth) smearing over long coherence times, i.e., 983 s, which is needed to achieve the required Doppler resolution. Three to nine looks are averaged for speckle reduction and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. At this long wavelength, the radar signal penetrates up to several tens of meters into the dry lunar surface materials, thus revealing details of the bulk loss properties and decimeter-scale rock abundance not evident in multispectral and other remote-sensing data. Application of the new radar images to the analysis of basalt flow complexes in Mare Serenitatis shows that the long-wavelength radar data are sensitive to differences in both flow age and composition, and may be particularly useful for studies of smaller deposits that do not have robust crater statistics. The new 70-cm lunar radar data are archived at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planetary Data System.
AB - We describe new 70-cm wavelength radar images of the lunar near-side and limb regions obtained via a synthetic-aperture-radar patch-focusing reduction technique. The data are obtained by transmitting a circularly polarized pulsed waveform from the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico and receiving the echo in both senses of circular polarization with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia. The resultant images in both polarizations have a spatial resolution as fine as 320 m × 450 m near the lunar limb. The patch-focusing technique is a computationally efficient method for compensating for range migration and Doppler (azimuth) smearing over long coherence times, i.e., 983 s, which is needed to achieve the required Doppler resolution. Three to nine looks are averaged for speckle reduction and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. At this long wavelength, the radar signal penetrates up to several tens of meters into the dry lunar surface materials, thus revealing details of the bulk loss properties and decimeter-scale rock abundance not evident in multispectral and other remote-sensing data. Application of the new radar images to the analysis of basalt flow complexes in Mare Serenitatis shows that the long-wavelength radar data are sensitive to differences in both flow age and composition, and may be particularly useful for studies of smaller deposits that do not have robust crater statistics. The new 70-cm lunar radar data are archived at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planetary Data System.
KW - Moon
KW - Radar imaging
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U2 - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.906582
DO - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.906582
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:36348999897
SN - 0196-2892
VL - 45
SP - 4032
EP - 4042
JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
IS - 12
ER -