Flow Rate and Raspberry Pi-Based Paper Microfluidic Blood Coagulation Assay Device

Robin E. Sweeney; Vina Nguyen; Benjamin Alouidor; Elizabeth Budiman; Raymond K. Wong; Jeong Yeol Yoon

doi:10.1109/JSEN.2019.2902065

Flow Rate and Raspberry Pi-Based Paper Microfluidic Blood Coagulation Assay Device

Robin E. Sweeney, Vina Nguyen, Benjamin Alouidor, Elizabeth Budiman, Raymond K. Wong, Jeong Yeol Yoon

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

Monitoring blood coagulation in response to an anticoagulant (heparin) and its reversal agent (protamine) is essential during and after surgery, especially with cardiopulmonary bypass. A current clinical standard is the use of activated clotting time, where the mechanical movement of a plunger through a whole blood-filled channel is monitored to evaluate the endpoint time of coagulation. As a rapid, simple, low-volume, and cost-effective alternative, we have developed a paper microfluidic assay and Raspberry Pi-based device with the aim of quantifying the extent of blood coagulation in response to varying doses of heparin and protamine. The flow rate of blood through the paper microfluidic channel is automatically monitored using the Python-coded edge detection algorithm. For each set of the assay, 8-$\mu\text{L}$ of fresh human whole blood (untreated and undiluted) from human subjects is loaded onto each of eight sample pads, which have been preloaded with varying amounts of heparin or protamine. The total assay time is 3-5 min including the time for sample loading and incubation.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	8653900
Pages (from-to)	4743-4751
Number of pages	9
Journal	IEEE Sensors Journal
Volume	19
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2902065
State	Published - Jul 1 2019

Keywords

Blood coagulation
Raspberry Pi
heparin
paper microfluidics
protamine

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Instrumentation
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1109/JSEN.2019.2902065

Cite this

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title = "Flow Rate and Raspberry Pi-Based Paper Microfluidic Blood Coagulation Assay Device",

abstract = "Monitoring blood coagulation in response to an anticoagulant (heparin) and its reversal agent (protamine) is essential during and after surgery, especially with cardiopulmonary bypass. A current clinical standard is the use of activated clotting time, where the mechanical movement of a plunger through a whole blood-filled channel is monitored to evaluate the endpoint time of coagulation. As a rapid, simple, low-volume, and cost-effective alternative, we have developed a paper microfluidic assay and Raspberry Pi-based device with the aim of quantifying the extent of blood coagulation in response to varying doses of heparin and protamine. The flow rate of blood through the paper microfluidic channel is automatically monitored using the Python-coded edge detection algorithm. For each set of the assay, 8-$\mu\text{L}$ of fresh human whole blood (untreated and undiluted) from human subjects is loaded onto each of eight sample pads, which have been preloaded with varying amounts of heparin or protamine. The total assay time is 3-5 min including the time for sample loading and incubation.",

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author = "Sweeney, {Robin E.} and Vina Nguyen and Benjamin Alouidor and Elizabeth Budiman and Wong, {Raymond K.} and Yoon, {Jeong Yeol}",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received December 20, 2018; accepted February 24, 2019. Date of publication February 27, 2019; date of current version June 4, 2019. This work was supported by the Cardiovascular Biomedical Engineering Training Grant through the U.S. National Institutes of Health under grant T32HL007955. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Sang-Seok Lee. (Corresponding author: Jeong-Yeol Yoon.) R. E. Sweeney was with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. She is now with Unchained Labs, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA (e-mail: robinemilysweeney@gmail.com). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2001-2012 IEEE.",

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AU - Budiman, Elizabeth

AU - Wong, Raymond K.

AU - Yoon, Jeong Yeol

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received December 20, 2018; accepted February 24, 2019. Date of publication February 27, 2019; date of current version June 4, 2019. This work was supported by the Cardiovascular Biomedical Engineering Training Grant through the U.S. National Institutes of Health under grant T32HL007955. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Sang-Seok Lee. (Corresponding author: Jeong-Yeol Yoon.) R. E. Sweeney was with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. She is now with Unchained Labs, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA (e-mail: robinemilysweeney@gmail.com). Publisher Copyright: © 2001-2012 IEEE.

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N2 - Monitoring blood coagulation in response to an anticoagulant (heparin) and its reversal agent (protamine) is essential during and after surgery, especially with cardiopulmonary bypass. A current clinical standard is the use of activated clotting time, where the mechanical movement of a plunger through a whole blood-filled channel is monitored to evaluate the endpoint time of coagulation. As a rapid, simple, low-volume, and cost-effective alternative, we have developed a paper microfluidic assay and Raspberry Pi-based device with the aim of quantifying the extent of blood coagulation in response to varying doses of heparin and protamine. The flow rate of blood through the paper microfluidic channel is automatically monitored using the Python-coded edge detection algorithm. For each set of the assay, 8-$\mu\text{L}$ of fresh human whole blood (untreated and undiluted) from human subjects is loaded onto each of eight sample pads, which have been preloaded with varying amounts of heparin or protamine. The total assay time is 3-5 min including the time for sample loading and incubation.

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Flow Rate and Raspberry Pi-Based Paper Microfluidic Blood Coagulation Assay Device

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Keywords

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