Fatty Acid Profiles in Response to Soybean Oil Lipid Emulsion Infusions in Essential Fatty Acid-Deficient Miniature Swine

The ability of soybean oil lipid emulsions to affect essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and plasma fatty acid distribution was studied in neonatal pigs. The test animals were maintained on a fat-free diet prior to administration of lipid emulsion. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of essential [linoleic (C-18:2ω6) and arachidonic (C-20:4ω6)] and nonessential [palmitic (C-16, palmitoleic (C-16:1ω7), stearic (C-18), and oleic (C-18:1ω9)] fatty acids and the triene:tetraene ratio [5.8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (C-20:3ω9):arachidonic acid (C-20:4ω6)] were monitored to ascertain the establishment of EFAD and its correction. Nonessential fatty acids were studied, as these components of lipid therapy have received little attention. Results indicate that soybean oil emulsions are effective in reversing fatty acid profiles found in EFAD, and both essential and nonessential fatty acids are under strict metabolic control.