@article{ca7a6f48b3144281b765569cd969d51b,
title = "Extreme magnification of an individual star at redshift 1.5 by a galaxy-cluster lens",
abstract = "Galaxy-cluster gravitational lenses can magnify background galaxies by a total factor of up to ~50. Here we report an image of an individual star at redshift z = 1.49 (dubbed MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1) magnified by more than ×2,000. A separate image, detected briefly 0.26″ from Lensed Star 1, is probably a counterimage of the first star demagnified for multiple years by an object of ≳3 solar masses in the cluster. For reasonable assumptions about the lensing system, microlensing fluctuations in the stars' light curves can yield evidence about the mass function of intracluster stars and compact objects, including binary fractions and specific stellar evolution and supernova models. Dark-matter subhaloes or massive compact objects may help to account for the two images' long-term brightness ratio.",
author = "Kelly, {Patrick L.} and Diego, {Jose M.} and Steven Rodney and Nick Kaiser and Tom Broadhurst and Adi Zitrin and Tommaso Treu and P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez, {Pablo G.} and Takahiro Morishita and Mathilde Jauzac and Jonatan Selsing and Masamune Oguri and Laurent Pueyo and Ross, {Timothy W.} and Filippenko, {Alexei V.} and Nathan Smith and Jens Hjorth and Cenko, {S. Bradley} and Xin Wang and Howell, {D. Andrew} and Johan Richard and Frye, {Brenda L.} and Jha, {Saurabh W.} and Foley, {Ryan J.} and Colin Norman and Marusa Bradac and Weikang Zheng and Gabriel Brammer and Benito, {Alberto Molino} and Antonio Cava and Lise Christensen and {De Mink}, {Selma E.} and Or Graur and Claudio Grillo and Ryota Kawamata and Kneib, {Jean Paul} and Thomas Matheson and Curtis McCully and Mario Nonino and Ismael P{\'e}rez-Fournon and Riess, {Adam G.} and Piero Rosati and Schmidt, {Kasper Borello} and Keren Sharon and Weiner, {Benjamin J.}",
note = "Funding Information: The Keck Observatory was made possible with the support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. NASA/STScI grants 14041, 14199, 14208, 14528, 14872 and 14922 provided financial support. P.L.K., A.V.F. and W.Z. are grateful for assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation and the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (U. C. Berkeley). The work of A.V.F. was completed in part at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by NSF grant PHY-1607611. J.M.D. acknowledges support of projects AYA2015-64508-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and AYA2012-39475-C02-01 and the consolider project CSD2010-00064 funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. P.G.P.-G. acknowledges support from Spanish government MINECO grants AYA2015-70815- ERC and AYA2015-63650-P. M.O. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants 26800093 and 15H05892. M.J. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant ST/L00075X/1). R.J.F. is supported by NSF grant AST-1518052 and Sloan and Packard Foundation fellowships. M.N. acknowledges support from PRININAF- 2014 1.05.01.94.02. O.G. was supported by NSF Fellowship under award AST- 1602595. J.H. acknowledges support from a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator Grant (16599). HST imaging was obtained at https://archive.stsci.edu. Funding Information: We thank the directors of the Space Telescope Science Institute, the Gemini Observatory, the GTC and the European Southern Observatory for granting us discretionary time. We thank B. Katz, D. Kushnir, B. Periello, I. Momcheva, T. Royale, L. Strolger, D. Coe, J. Lotz, M. L. Graham, R. Humphreys, R. Kurucz, A. Dolphin, M. Kriek, S. Rajendran, T. Davis, I. Hubeny, C. Leitherer, F. Nieva, D. Kasen, J. Mauerhan, D. Kelson, J. M. Silverman, A. Oscoz Abaz and Z. Levay for help with the observations and other assistance. The Keck Observatory was made possible with the support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. NASA/STScI grants 14041, 14199, 14208, 14528, 14872 and 14922 provided financial support. P.L.K., A.V.F. and W.Z. are grateful for assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation and the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (U. C. Berkeley). The work of A.V.F. was completed in part at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by NSF grant PHY-1607611. J.M.D. acknowledges support of projects AYA2015-64508-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and AYA2012-39475-C02-01 and the consolider project CSD2010-00064 funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. P.G.P.-G. acknowledges support from Spanish government MINECO grants AYA2015-70815-ERC and AYA2015-63650-P. M.O. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants 26800093 and 15H05892. M.J. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant ST/L00075X/1). R.J.F. is supported by NSF grant AST-1518052 and Sloan and Packard Foundation fellowships. M.N. acknowledges support from PRIN-INAF-2014 1.05.01.94.02. O.G. was supported by NSF Fellowship under award AST-1602595. J.H. acknowledges support from a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator Grant (16599). HST imaging was obtained at https://archive.stsci.edu. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s).",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41550-018-0430-3",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "334--342",
journal = "Nature Astronomy",
issn = "2397-3366",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "4",
}