Epidermal growth factor stimulation of the human gastrin promoter requires Sp1

J. L. Merchant, A. Shiotani, E. R. Mortensen, D. K. Shumaker, D. R. Abraczinskas

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Growth factors coordinately regulate a variety of different genes to stimulate cellular proliferation. In the stomach, gastrin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-α all mediate gastric mucosal homeostasis by promoting cell renewal. We have previously shown that EGF and phorbol esters stimulate the human gastrin promoter through a novel GC-rich DNA element 5'--68GGGGCGGGGTGGGGGG-53 called gERE (gastrin EGF response element). In this report, we show that three factors bind to this element, the transcription factor Sp1 and two fast migrating complexes designated gastrin EGF response proteins (gERP 1 and 2). To understand how these factors bind and confer EGF responsiveness, mutations of gERE were tested in vitro for protein binding and in vivo for promoter activation. Both gel shift assays and UV cross-linking studies revealed that the factors bind to overlapping domains, Sp1 to the 5' half-site and gERP 1 and 2 to the 3' half- site. Placing either the 5' or 3' mutations upstream of a minimal gastrin promoter abolished EGF induction. Therefore both the 5' and 3' domains were required to confer EGF induction. Collectively, these results demonstrate that complex interactions between Sp1 and other factors binding to overlapping gERE half-sites confer EGF responsiveness to the gastrin promoter.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)6314-6319
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry
Volume270
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - 1995
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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