TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States
T2 - 2001–2015
AU - Koshiol, Jill
AU - Yu, Binbing
AU - Kabadi, Shaum M.
AU - Baria, Katherine
AU - Shroff, Rachna T.
N1 - Funding Information:
Medical writing support was provided by Lauren D. Van Wassenhove, PhD (Parexel, Hackensack, NJ), in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP 2022) guidelines and was funded by AstraZeneca. Editorial support was provided by Laura Park, MSc, CMC Connect, a division of IPG Health Medical Communications, in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP 2022) guidelines and was funded by AstraZeneca.
Funding Information:
J.K. declares that they have no competing interests. B.Y. and K.B. are employees and stockholders of AstraZeneca. S.M.K was an employee of AstraZeneca during the initial conceptual development of the study through the second draft of the manuscript, is currently an employee of Sanofi, and is currently a stockholder of AstraZeneca and Sanofi. R.T.S. serves as an advisory board member for Agios, Clovis, Debiopharm, Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, Incyte, Merck, QED, and Seattle Genetics, and has received research funding from Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Pieris, Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and Taiho.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). Although BTC is rare in the US, incidence is increasing and elevated in certain populations. This study examined BTC epidemiology in the US by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and anatomic site. Methods: BTC incidence, prevalence, mortality, and survival from 2001 to 2015 were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries databases. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated and reported as age-standardized rates. Data were assessed by age, anatomic sites, geographic region, and race/ethnicity, and a joinpoint regression model was used to predict trends for age-adjusted BTC incidence and mortality rates. Results: BTC incidence increased during the study period (annual percent change = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [1.59–1.92]), with the highest increase in ICC (6.65 [6.11–7.19]). Incidence of unspecified BTC initially increased but has recently begun to drop. Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, or American Indian/Alaska Native race/ethnicity was associated with higher BTC mortality rates than White race/ethnicity. Patients with ICC had the highest mortality rate (age-standardized rate = 1.87/100,000 person-years [1.85–1.88]). Five-year survival was 15.2% for all BTC, ranging from 8.5% (ICC) to 34.5% (AVC), and patients with distant disease at diagnosis had lower survival (3%) compared with those with regional (19.1%) or locally advanced disease (31.5%). Conclusions: BTC incidence increased, survival was low across all subtypes, and mortality was greatest in patients with ICC. This underscores the serious, increasing unmet need among patients with BTC. Treatment options are limited, although clinical studies investigating immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and alternative chemotherapy combinations are ongoing. Epidemiological insights may improve patient care and inform the integration of novel therapies for BTC.
AB - Background: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). Although BTC is rare in the US, incidence is increasing and elevated in certain populations. This study examined BTC epidemiology in the US by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and anatomic site. Methods: BTC incidence, prevalence, mortality, and survival from 2001 to 2015 were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries databases. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated and reported as age-standardized rates. Data were assessed by age, anatomic sites, geographic region, and race/ethnicity, and a joinpoint regression model was used to predict trends for age-adjusted BTC incidence and mortality rates. Results: BTC incidence increased during the study period (annual percent change = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [1.59–1.92]), with the highest increase in ICC (6.65 [6.11–7.19]). Incidence of unspecified BTC initially increased but has recently begun to drop. Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, or American Indian/Alaska Native race/ethnicity was associated with higher BTC mortality rates than White race/ethnicity. Patients with ICC had the highest mortality rate (age-standardized rate = 1.87/100,000 person-years [1.85–1.88]). Five-year survival was 15.2% for all BTC, ranging from 8.5% (ICC) to 34.5% (AVC), and patients with distant disease at diagnosis had lower survival (3%) compared with those with regional (19.1%) or locally advanced disease (31.5%). Conclusions: BTC incidence increased, survival was low across all subtypes, and mortality was greatest in patients with ICC. This underscores the serious, increasing unmet need among patients with BTC. Treatment options are limited, although clinical studies investigating immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and alternative chemotherapy combinations are ongoing. Epidemiological insights may improve patient care and inform the integration of novel therapies for BTC.
KW - Ampulla of Vater cancer
KW - Biliary tract cancer
KW - Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
KW - Gallbladder cancer
KW - Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142097118&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85142097118&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12885-022-10286-z
DO - 10.1186/s12885-022-10286-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 36384474
AN - SCOPUS:85142097118
VL - 22
JO - BMC Cancer
JF - BMC Cancer
SN - 1471-2407
IS - 1
M1 - 1178
ER -