TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental Fate of 14C Radiolabeled 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Soil Microcosms
AU - Olivares, Christopher I.
AU - Madeira, Camila L.
AU - Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes
AU - Kadoya, Warren
AU - Abrell, Leif
AU - Chorover, Jon
AU - Field, Jim A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project ER-2221 and NSF CBET 1510698. Analyses performed at the Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants (ALEC) were supported by NSF CBET 0722579, AB Sciex, and additional funding from University of Arizona colleges. C.I.O. was supported by the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program (P42 ES04940). C.L.M. was supported by CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education, Brazil, under grant 88888.075208/2013-00 and the training core provided by University of Arizona NIEHS Superfund Research Program (P42 ES04940).
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project ER-2221 and NSF CBET 1510698. Analyses performed at the Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants (ALEC) were supported by NSF CBET 0722579, AB Sciex, and additional funding from University of Arizona colleges. C.I.O. was supported by the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program (P42 ES04940). C.L.M. was supported by CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education, Brazil, under grant 88888.075208/2013-00 and the training core provided by University of Arizona NIEHS Superfund Research Program (P42 ES04940). The authors thank Stanley Wong for assisting in the research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2017/11/21
Y1 - 2017/11/21
N2 - 2,4-Dinitrosanisole (DNAN) is an insensitive munitions component replacing conventional explosives. While DNAN is known to biotransform in soils to aromatic amines and azo-dimers, it is seldom mineralized by indigenous soil bacteria. Incorporation of DNAN biotransformation products into soil as humus-bound material could serve as a plausible remediation strategy. The present work studied biotransformation of DNAN in soil and sludge microcosms supplemented with uniformly ring-labeled 14C-DNAN to quantify the distribution of label in soil, aqueous, and gaseous phases. Electron donor amendments, different redox conditions (anaerobic, aerobic, sequential anaerobic-aerobic), and the extracellular oxidoreductase enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were evaluated to maximize incorporation of DNAN biotransformation products into the nonextractable soil humus fraction, humin. Irreversible humin incorporation of 14C-DNAN occurred at higher rates in anaerobic conditions, with a moderate increase when pyruvate was added. Additionally, a single dose of HRP resulted in an instantaneous increased incorporation of 14C-DNAN into the humin fraction. 14C-DNAN incorporation to the humin fraction was strongly correlated (R2 = 0.93) by the soil organic carbon (OC) amount present (either intrinsic or amended). Globally, our results suggest that DNAN biotransformation products can be irreversibly bound to humin in soils as a remediation strategy, which can be enhanced by adding soil OC.
AB - 2,4-Dinitrosanisole (DNAN) is an insensitive munitions component replacing conventional explosives. While DNAN is known to biotransform in soils to aromatic amines and azo-dimers, it is seldom mineralized by indigenous soil bacteria. Incorporation of DNAN biotransformation products into soil as humus-bound material could serve as a plausible remediation strategy. The present work studied biotransformation of DNAN in soil and sludge microcosms supplemented with uniformly ring-labeled 14C-DNAN to quantify the distribution of label in soil, aqueous, and gaseous phases. Electron donor amendments, different redox conditions (anaerobic, aerobic, sequential anaerobic-aerobic), and the extracellular oxidoreductase enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were evaluated to maximize incorporation of DNAN biotransformation products into the nonextractable soil humus fraction, humin. Irreversible humin incorporation of 14C-DNAN occurred at higher rates in anaerobic conditions, with a moderate increase when pyruvate was added. Additionally, a single dose of HRP resulted in an instantaneous increased incorporation of 14C-DNAN into the humin fraction. 14C-DNAN incorporation to the humin fraction was strongly correlated (R2 = 0.93) by the soil organic carbon (OC) amount present (either intrinsic or amended). Globally, our results suggest that DNAN biotransformation products can be irreversibly bound to humin in soils as a remediation strategy, which can be enhanced by adding soil OC.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.7b03699
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.7b03699
M3 - Article
C2 - 29072907
AN - SCOPUS:85035349984
VL - 51
SP - 13327
EP - 13334
JO - Environmental Science & Technology
JF - Environmental Science & Technology
SN - 0013-936X
IS - 22
ER -