TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of ozone and ozone/peroxide on trace organic contaminants and NDMA in drinking water and water reuse applications
AU - Pisarenko, Aleksey N.
AU - Stanford, Benjamin D.
AU - Yan, Dongxu
AU - Gerrity, Daniel
AU - Snyder, Shane A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the managers, operators, and laboratory personnel at the City of Las Vegas Water Pollution Control Facility for providing assistance with facilities, analyses, and operation of the pilot system. The authors also wish to thank Benjamin Freeman, Naomi Jones, Rich Franks, and Steve Peck (Hydranautics), Keel Robinson, and Ricky Villalobos (APTwater) for their technical assistance with running MBR-RO and ozone pilot systems. In addition, the work of the following SNWA staff is acknowledged: Janie Holady, Rebecca Trenholm, Jasmine Koster, Shannon Fergusson, Susanna Blunt, Sujanie Gamage, Jing Lin, Josephine Chu, Roxanne Phillips, and Brett Vanderford. Support for this research has been provided by the WateReuse Research Foundation , project number WRF-08-08 and by participating utilities and industry partners.
PY - 2012/2/1
Y1 - 2012/2/1
N2 - An ozone and ozone/peroxide oxidation process was evaluated at pilot scale for trace organic contaminant (TOrC) mitigation and NDMA formation in both drinking water and water reuse applications. A reverse osmosis (RO) pilot was also evaluated as part of the water reuse treatment train. Ozone/peroxide showed lower electrical energy per order of removal (EEO) values for TOrCs in surface water treatment, but the addition of hydrogen peroxide increased EEO values during wastewater treatment. TOrC oxidation was correlated to changes in UV254 absorbance and fluorescence offering a surrogate model for predicting contaminant removal. A decrease in N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential (after chloramination) was observed after treatment with ozone and ozone/peroxide. However, during spiking experiments with surface water, ozone/peroxide achieved limited destruction of NDMA, while in wastewaters net direct formation of NDMA of 6-33 ng/L was observed after either ozone or ozone/peroxide treatment. Once formed during ozonation, NDMA passed through the subsequent RO membranes, which highlights the significance of the potential for direct NDMA formation during oxidation in reuse applications.
AB - An ozone and ozone/peroxide oxidation process was evaluated at pilot scale for trace organic contaminant (TOrC) mitigation and NDMA formation in both drinking water and water reuse applications. A reverse osmosis (RO) pilot was also evaluated as part of the water reuse treatment train. Ozone/peroxide showed lower electrical energy per order of removal (EEO) values for TOrCs in surface water treatment, but the addition of hydrogen peroxide increased EEO values during wastewater treatment. TOrC oxidation was correlated to changes in UV254 absorbance and fluorescence offering a surrogate model for predicting contaminant removal. A decrease in N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential (after chloramination) was observed after treatment with ozone and ozone/peroxide. However, during spiking experiments with surface water, ozone/peroxide achieved limited destruction of NDMA, while in wastewaters net direct formation of NDMA of 6-33 ng/L was observed after either ozone or ozone/peroxide treatment. Once formed during ozonation, NDMA passed through the subsequent RO membranes, which highlights the significance of the potential for direct NDMA formation during oxidation in reuse applications.
KW - Advanced oxidation process (AOP)
KW - Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs)
KW - N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
KW - Ozone
KW - Ozone/hydrogen peroxide
KW - Ozone/peroxide
KW - Pharmaceuticals
KW - Trace organic contaminant (TOrC)
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U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.021
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 22137292
AN - SCOPUS:84355161933
SN - 0043-1354
VL - 46
SP - 316
EP - 326
JO - Water research
JF - Water research
IS - 2
ER -