TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of labeling and pointing on object gaze in boys with fragile X syndrome
T2 - An eye-tracking study
AU - Benjamin, David P.
AU - Mastergeorge, Ann M.
AU - McDuffie, Andrea S.
AU - Kover, Sara T.
AU - Hagerman, Randi J.
AU - Abbeduto, Leonard
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NIH grants R01 HD054764 , P30 HD03352 , and U54 HD079125 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development . We wish to thank the children and their families for their participation in this study. Leonard Abbeduto has received financial support to develop and implement outcome measures for fragile X syndrome clinical trials from F. Hoffman-LaRoche, Ltd., Roche TCRC, Inc., and Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limited. Randi J. Hagerman has received funding from Novartis, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Curemark, Forest, and Seaside Therapeutics to carry out treatment studies in FXS and autism. She also has consulted with Roche/Genentech and Novartis regarding treatment studies in fragile X syndrome. No other authors have financial disclosures to make.
PY - 2014/11
Y1 - 2014/11
N2 - We examined the visual processing of a social learning stimulus and the ways in which visual attention was distributed to objects as well as to the examiner's face during word learning under conditions that varied only in the presence or absence of a label. The goal of the current study, then, was to evaluate the effects of differentially providing pointing and labeling during exposure to a novel target object in males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) (n= 14, ages 4.33-10.02), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n= 17, ages 4.04-10.4), or typical development (TD) (n= 18, ages 2.05-5.33). In particular, the present study examined attention to the examiner's face as well as target and distracter objects that were presented as video stimuli. An eye-tracker captured gaze to the video stimuli as they were shown in order to examine the way in which children with FXS, ASD, or TD distributed their gaze toward the examiner and the objects. Results indicated that no group showed increased gaze toward the target object compared to the distracter object. However, results revealed that participants with FXS showed significantly increased face gaze compared to the novel objects, whereas children with ASD and TD both showed similar amounts of relative gaze toward the face and objects. Furthermore, the act of pointing at the target object was found to increase gaze toward the target objects compared to when there was no pointing in all groups. Together, these findings suggest that social cues like those employed in a word-learning task, when presented with video, may relate to gaze in FXS in context- or task-dependent ways that are distinct from those expected during live interaction.
AB - We examined the visual processing of a social learning stimulus and the ways in which visual attention was distributed to objects as well as to the examiner's face during word learning under conditions that varied only in the presence or absence of a label. The goal of the current study, then, was to evaluate the effects of differentially providing pointing and labeling during exposure to a novel target object in males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) (n= 14, ages 4.33-10.02), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n= 17, ages 4.04-10.4), or typical development (TD) (n= 18, ages 2.05-5.33). In particular, the present study examined attention to the examiner's face as well as target and distracter objects that were presented as video stimuli. An eye-tracker captured gaze to the video stimuli as they were shown in order to examine the way in which children with FXS, ASD, or TD distributed their gaze toward the examiner and the objects. Results indicated that no group showed increased gaze toward the target object compared to the distracter object. However, results revealed that participants with FXS showed significantly increased face gaze compared to the novel objects, whereas children with ASD and TD both showed similar amounts of relative gaze toward the face and objects. Furthermore, the act of pointing at the target object was found to increase gaze toward the target objects compared to when there was no pointing in all groups. Together, these findings suggest that social cues like those employed in a word-learning task, when presented with video, may relate to gaze in FXS in context- or task-dependent ways that are distinct from those expected during live interaction.
KW - Autism
KW - Eye tracking
KW - Fragile X syndrome
KW - Word learning
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84904748789&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.021
DO - 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 25062097
AN - SCOPUS:84904748789
SN - 0891-4222
VL - 35
SP - 2658
EP - 2672
JO - Research in Developmental Disabilities
JF - Research in Developmental Disabilities
IS - 11
ER -