TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness of face masks used to protect Beijing residents against particulate air pollution
AU - Wcherrie, John
AU - Apsley, Andrew
AU - Cowie, Hilary
AU - Steinle, Susanne
AU - Mueller, William
AU - Lin, Chun
AU - Horwell, Claire J.
AU - Sleeuwenhoek, Anne
AU - Loh, Miranda
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding this project was funded by nerc/Mrc grant ne/n007182/1 from the newton Fund. the filtration and volunteer chambers were developed for this study and for Horwell’s Health interventions in Volcanic eruption crises (HiVe) project, funded under the research for Health in Humanitarian crises (r2Hc) Programme by DfiD and the Wellcome trust.
Publisher Copyright:
© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Objectives: Many residents in Beijing use disposable face masks in an attempt to protect their health from high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. Retail masks may be certified to local or international standards, but their real-life performance may not confer the exposure reduction potential that is marketed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of face masks that are commercially available in China. Methods: Nine masks claiming protection against fine PM (PM, 5) were purchased from consumer outlets in Beijing. The masks' filtration efficiency was tested by drawing airborne diesel exhaust through a section of the material and measuring the PM and black carbon (BC) concentrations upstream and downstream of the filtering medium. Four masks were selected for testing on volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to diesel exhaust inside an experimental chamber while performing sedentary tasks and active tasks. BC concentrations were continuously monitored inside and outside the mask. Results: The mean per cent penetration for each mask material ranged from 0.26% to 29%, depending on the flow rate and mask material. In the volunteer tests, the average total inward leakage (TIL) of BC ranged from 3% to 68% in the sedentary tests and from 7% to 66% in the active tests. Only one mask type tested showed an average TIL of less than 10%, under both test conditions. Conclusions: Many commercially available face masks may not provide adequate protection, primarily due to poor facial fit. Our results indicate that further attention should be given to mask design and providing evidencebased guidance to consumers.
AB - Objectives: Many residents in Beijing use disposable face masks in an attempt to protect their health from high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. Retail masks may be certified to local or international standards, but their real-life performance may not confer the exposure reduction potential that is marketed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of face masks that are commercially available in China. Methods: Nine masks claiming protection against fine PM (PM, 5) were purchased from consumer outlets in Beijing. The masks' filtration efficiency was tested by drawing airborne diesel exhaust through a section of the material and measuring the PM and black carbon (BC) concentrations upstream and downstream of the filtering medium. Four masks were selected for testing on volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to diesel exhaust inside an experimental chamber while performing sedentary tasks and active tasks. BC concentrations were continuously monitored inside and outside the mask. Results: The mean per cent penetration for each mask material ranged from 0.26% to 29%, depending on the flow rate and mask material. In the volunteer tests, the average total inward leakage (TIL) of BC ranged from 3% to 68% in the sedentary tests and from 7% to 66% in the active tests. Only one mask type tested showed an average TIL of less than 10%, under both test conditions. Conclusions: Many commercially available face masks may not provide adequate protection, primarily due to poor facial fit. Our results indicate that further attention should be given to mask design and providing evidencebased guidance to consumers.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049298137&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85049298137&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/oemed-2017-104765
DO - 10.1136/oemed-2017-104765
M3 - Article
C2 - 29632130
AN - SCOPUS:85049298137
SN - 1351-0711
VL - 75
SP - 446
EP - 452
JO - Occupational and environmental medicine
JF - Occupational and environmental medicine
IS - 6
ER -